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(O&M TEST BANK)
Orientation and Mobility Skills Exam Bank
O&MOrientation and Mobility
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Orientation and Mobility Exam –
Comprehensive Study Guide, Practice
Questions, Answers, and Detailed Rationales
for 2025/2026
Primary components of O&M Training - Answer: Sensory Training
Concept Development
Motor Development
Formal Orientation Skills
Sensory Training - Answer: use of residual vision, hearing, touch and smell
Concept Development - Answer: size, shape, function, spatial position of self and relationship
between objects in the world
Motor Development - Answer: gross motor (posture, pace gait, balance, stamina) and fine motor
(hand and wrist
Formal Orientation skills - Answer: protective techniques, human guide, cane skills, travel in
varied indoor/outdoor environments, utilizing public transportation.
Concepts for Orientation - Answer: Body concepts (Body awareness, location and function)
Body-body, Body-Object, Object-object
Positional concepts (relative location of child to objects, etc)
Landmarks (permanent fixtures)
Cognitive mapping (mental picture)
Spatial updating (keeping track of the spatial arrangements of places in an environment)
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Self-Protection (upper) - Answer: Use of the upper hand and forearm to detect vertical objects
which may be encountered by the upper region of the body (palm outward)
Self-Protection (lower) - Answer: Use of lower hand and forearm to locate and protect from
objects at waist level (palm inward)
Trailing - Answer: straight line of travel, locate a specific object, remain cognizant of position in
space
45 degree angle, palm cupped, light contact with object with ring and little fingers
Narrow Passage with Human Guide - Answer: Guide moves arm behind and towards small of
back
Student extends arm and moves directly behind the guide.
Normal position is returned after passing through
Orientation - Answer: the process of utilizing the remaining senses in establishing one's position
and relationship to all other significant objects in in ones' environment.
Mobility - Answer: The ability to move within one's environment
Approaches for Reaching - Answer: to touch
to sound
to an unseen object
to an object in a known location
Tactile Skills for O&M - Answer: Discriminate surfaces/textures
identifies tactile landmarks
Reading Braille signs
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Vestibular System - Answer: inner ear sensory
first to mature
detects motion of head-in-space
balance and maintain equilibrium
Proprioception - Answer: Sensory in muscles, tendons, joints
awareness of static body position
Lack in blind children and causes inefficient movement that can impact mobility
Haptic - Answer: Combined proprioception and tactile awareness
The ability to determine specific properties of an object
Kinesthetic - Answer: movement that provides information through muscles and one's position in
space
Olfactory Abilities (Smell) - Answer: Shows awareness of smell
tolerates smells
recognizes smells
shows preference and dislike of certain smells
Gustatory (Taste) - Answer: sour
sweet
bitter
salty
savory (umani)
Can warn you if something tastes bad or is harmful.
Auditory (Hearing) - Answer: become aware of sounds
interpret sounds and recognize source
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
(O&M TEST BANK)
Orientation and Mobility Skills Exam Bank
O&MOrientation and Mobility
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
Orientation and Mobility Exam –
Comprehensive Study Guide, Practice
Questions, Answers, and Detailed Rationales
for 2025/2026
Primary components of O&M Training - Answer: Sensory Training
Concept Development
Motor Development
Formal Orientation Skills
Sensory Training - Answer: use of residual vision, hearing, touch and smell
Concept Development - Answer: size, shape, function, spatial position of self and relationship
between objects in the world
Motor Development - Answer: gross motor (posture, pace gait, balance, stamina) and fine motor
(hand and wrist
Formal Orientation skills - Answer: protective techniques, human guide, cane skills, travel in
varied indoor/outdoor environments, utilizing public transportation.
Concepts for Orientation - Answer: Body concepts (Body awareness, location and function)
Body-body, Body-Object, Object-object
Positional concepts (relative location of child to objects, etc)
Landmarks (permanent fixtures)
Cognitive mapping (mental picture)
Spatial updating (keeping track of the spatial arrangements of places in an environment)
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,https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
Self-Protection (upper) - Answer: Use of the upper hand and forearm to detect vertical objects
which may be encountered by the upper region of the body (palm outward)
Self-Protection (lower) - Answer: Use of lower hand and forearm to locate and protect from
objects at waist level (palm inward)
Trailing - Answer: straight line of travel, locate a specific object, remain cognizant of position in
space
45 degree angle, palm cupped, light contact with object with ring and little fingers
Narrow Passage with Human Guide - Answer: Guide moves arm behind and towards small of
back
Student extends arm and moves directly behind the guide.
Normal position is returned after passing through
Orientation - Answer: the process of utilizing the remaining senses in establishing one's position
and relationship to all other significant objects in in ones' environment.
Mobility - Answer: The ability to move within one's environment
Approaches for Reaching - Answer: to touch
to sound
to an unseen object
to an object in a known location
Tactile Skills for O&M - Answer: Discriminate surfaces/textures
identifies tactile landmarks
Reading Braille signs
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
Vestibular System - Answer: inner ear sensory
first to mature
detects motion of head-in-space
balance and maintain equilibrium
Proprioception - Answer: Sensory in muscles, tendons, joints
awareness of static body position
Lack in blind children and causes inefficient movement that can impact mobility
Haptic - Answer: Combined proprioception and tactile awareness
The ability to determine specific properties of an object
Kinesthetic - Answer: movement that provides information through muscles and one's position in
space
Olfactory Abilities (Smell) - Answer: Shows awareness of smell
tolerates smells
recognizes smells
shows preference and dislike of certain smells
Gustatory (Taste) - Answer: sour
sweet
bitter
salty
savory (umani)
Can warn you if something tastes bad or is harmful.
Auditory (Hearing) - Answer: become aware of sounds
interpret sounds and recognize source
https://www.stuvia.com/user/passnursingnow
