NSG 300 FINAL EXAM -
COMPREHENSIVE FOUNDATIONS IN
NURSING AND HEALTHCARE
1. A nurse is designing a research study to explore the lived experiences of individuals
recovering from opioid addiction. Which qualitative research approach is most appropriate
for this study?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Phenomenology
D. Case Study
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Phenomenology focuses on the lived experiences of individuals
and how they interpret those experiences.
2. When utilizing the PICO format to develop a clinical question, what does the ‘I’ represent?
A. Intervention
B. Implementation
,C. Investigation
D. Interpretation
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In PICO(T), I stands for Intervention or interest, representing
the treatment or issue being studied.
3. A nurse is providing care to a patient who refuses a life-saving blood transfusion due to
religious beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s decision. Which ethical principle is being
demonstrated?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Non-maleficence
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of the patient to make their own
decisions regarding their healthcare.
4. In the hierarchy of evidence, which of the following is considered the highest level of
evidence for clinical decision-making?
A. Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
B. Case-control studies
, C. Expert opinion
D. Single randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are at the top of the
evidence hierarchy as they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies.
5. According to Benner’s Novice to Expert theory, a nurse who has been in the same clinical
position for 2 to 3 years and begins to see actions in terms of long-range goals is at which
stage?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Proficient
C. Competent
D. Expert
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Competent stage is characterized by a nurse who has been
in the same situation for 2-3 years and can prioritize tasks by recognizing patterns and
long-term goals.
COMPREHENSIVE FOUNDATIONS IN
NURSING AND HEALTHCARE
1. A nurse is designing a research study to explore the lived experiences of individuals
recovering from opioid addiction. Which qualitative research approach is most appropriate
for this study?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Ethnography
C. Phenomenology
D. Case Study
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Phenomenology focuses on the lived experiences of individuals
and how they interpret those experiences.
2. When utilizing the PICO format to develop a clinical question, what does the ‘I’ represent?
A. Intervention
B. Implementation
,C. Investigation
D. Interpretation
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: In PICO(T), I stands for Intervention or interest, representing
the treatment or issue being studied.
3. A nurse is providing care to a patient who refuses a life-saving blood transfusion due to
religious beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s decision. Which ethical principle is being
demonstrated?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Non-maleficence
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of the patient to make their own
decisions regarding their healthcare.
4. In the hierarchy of evidence, which of the following is considered the highest level of
evidence for clinical decision-making?
A. Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
B. Case-control studies
, C. Expert opinion
D. Single randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are at the top of the
evidence hierarchy as they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies.
5. According to Benner’s Novice to Expert theory, a nurse who has been in the same clinical
position for 2 to 3 years and begins to see actions in terms of long-range goals is at which
stage?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Proficient
C. Competent
D. Expert
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Competent stage is characterized by a nurse who has been
in the same situation for 2-3 years and can prioritize tasks by recognizing patterns and
long-term goals.
