NUR-641E Final Exam Prep | All Possible Questions
and Answers | Updates | 100% Correct –GCU.
Section 1: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
1. Pharmacokinetics involves which four processes?
A) Absorption, digestion, metabolism, excretion
B) Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
C) Administration, distribution, metabolism, elimination
D) Absorption, distribution, metabolism, transport
Answer B: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a drug through
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
2. Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
A) Oral
B) Subcutaneous
C) Intravenous
D) Intramuscular
Answer C: Intravenous
Rationale: IV administration places the entire dose directly into the bloodstream,
bypassing absorption and first-pass metabolism.
,3. Which route of administration has variable and erratic absorption?
A) Oral
B) Rectal
C) Sublingual
D) Transdermal
Answer B: Rectal
Rationale: Rectal administration has variable absorption due to differences in
blood supply and the presence of feces.
4. Steady state of a drug is usually reached within:
A) 1-2 half-lives
B) 4-5 half-lives
C) 6-8 half-lives
D) 10 half-lives
Answer B: 4-5 half-lives
Rationale: Steady state concentration is typically achieved within 4-5 half-lives of
a drug.
5. The half-life of a drug determines:
A) How quickly it is absorbed
B) How frequently it must be administered and how long toxic effects last
C) How well it binds to receptors
D) Its therapeutic index
,Answer B: How frequently it must be administered and how long toxic effects
last
Rationale: Half-life determines dosing frequency and predicts duration of toxic
effects .
6. Zero-order pharmacokinetics means:
A) Drug metabolism is proportional to concentration
B) Drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
C) Drug absorption is complete
D) Drug distribution is rapid
Answer B: Drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Rationale: Zero-order kinetics means the drug is metabolized at a constant rate
regardless of concentration .
7. Which of the following is an example of zero-order pharmacokinetics?
A) Warfarin
B) Phenytoin
C) Metformin
D) Lisinopril
Answer B: Phenytoin
Rationale: Phenytoin exhibits zero-order kinetics at therapeutic doses, meaning
small dose increases can cause large increases in blood levels.
, 8. What is the purpose of Phase IV clinical trials?
A) Initial testing in healthy volunteers
B) Comparing drug to placebo
C) Post-marketing surveillance to identify rare adverse effects
D) Laboratory research
Answer C: Post-marketing surveillance to identify rare adverse effects
Rationale: Phase IV studies monitor for adverse effects not identified in earlier
clinical studies . --- ## Section 2: Adverse Drug Reactions & Drug Safety
9. What percentage of adverse drug reactions are pharmacological (type A)?
A) 30-40%
B) 50-60%
C) 85-90%
D) 95-98%
Answer C: 85-90%
Rationale: 85% to 90% of ADRs are pharmacological, meaning they are extensions
of the drug's known effects .
10. Which medication safety organizations are involved in drug safety?
A) ISMP, IOM, Joint Commission, FDA
B) WHO, CDC, NIH
C) AMA, ANA, CDC
and Answers | Updates | 100% Correct –GCU.
Section 1: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
1. Pharmacokinetics involves which four processes?
A) Absorption, digestion, metabolism, excretion
B) Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
C) Administration, distribution, metabolism, elimination
D) Absorption, distribution, metabolism, transport
Answer B: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a drug through
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
2. Which route of administration has the highest bioavailability?
A) Oral
B) Subcutaneous
C) Intravenous
D) Intramuscular
Answer C: Intravenous
Rationale: IV administration places the entire dose directly into the bloodstream,
bypassing absorption and first-pass metabolism.
,3. Which route of administration has variable and erratic absorption?
A) Oral
B) Rectal
C) Sublingual
D) Transdermal
Answer B: Rectal
Rationale: Rectal administration has variable absorption due to differences in
blood supply and the presence of feces.
4. Steady state of a drug is usually reached within:
A) 1-2 half-lives
B) 4-5 half-lives
C) 6-8 half-lives
D) 10 half-lives
Answer B: 4-5 half-lives
Rationale: Steady state concentration is typically achieved within 4-5 half-lives of
a drug.
5. The half-life of a drug determines:
A) How quickly it is absorbed
B) How frequently it must be administered and how long toxic effects last
C) How well it binds to receptors
D) Its therapeutic index
,Answer B: How frequently it must be administered and how long toxic effects
last
Rationale: Half-life determines dosing frequency and predicts duration of toxic
effects .
6. Zero-order pharmacokinetics means:
A) Drug metabolism is proportional to concentration
B) Drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
C) Drug absorption is complete
D) Drug distribution is rapid
Answer B: Drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Rationale: Zero-order kinetics means the drug is metabolized at a constant rate
regardless of concentration .
7. Which of the following is an example of zero-order pharmacokinetics?
A) Warfarin
B) Phenytoin
C) Metformin
D) Lisinopril
Answer B: Phenytoin
Rationale: Phenytoin exhibits zero-order kinetics at therapeutic doses, meaning
small dose increases can cause large increases in blood levels.
, 8. What is the purpose of Phase IV clinical trials?
A) Initial testing in healthy volunteers
B) Comparing drug to placebo
C) Post-marketing surveillance to identify rare adverse effects
D) Laboratory research
Answer C: Post-marketing surveillance to identify rare adverse effects
Rationale: Phase IV studies monitor for adverse effects not identified in earlier
clinical studies . --- ## Section 2: Adverse Drug Reactions & Drug Safety
9. What percentage of adverse drug reactions are pharmacological (type A)?
A) 30-40%
B) 50-60%
C) 85-90%
D) 95-98%
Answer C: 85-90%
Rationale: 85% to 90% of ADRs are pharmacological, meaning they are extensions
of the drug's known effects .
10. Which medication safety organizations are involved in drug safety?
A) ISMP, IOM, Joint Commission, FDA
B) WHO, CDC, NIH
C) AMA, ANA, CDC
