NUR 155 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING EXAM 4 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST 2026/2027 EDITION
1. Cultural competence in nursing is best defined as:
A. Avoiding discussion of a client's cultural beliefs
B. Treating all clients exactly the same regardless of background
C. Learning every detail about every culture a nurse may encounter
D. The ability to provide care that respects and responds to the beliefs,
values, and needs of diverse clients
ANSWER : D. Cultural competence involves recognizing, respecting, and
responding to each client's unique cultural beliefs and needs.
2. Which action best demonstrates culturally sensitive nursing care?
A. Asking the client about their specific cultural preferences and
incorporating them into care
B. Avoiding any conversation about culture to prevent offense
C. Assuming all clients from the same ethnic background share identical
beliefs
D. Applying the nurse's own personal values to all client decisions
ANSWER : A. Individualized assessment of a client's specific beliefs avoids
stereotyping and supports culturally sensitive care.
3. Ethnocentrism in healthcare refers to:
A. A formal cultural assessment tool
B. Adapting care to fit a client's cultural beliefs
C. Valuing all cultures equally
D. The belief that one's own cultural values and practices are superior to
others
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, ANSWER : D. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as
superior, which can bias care delivery if unrecognized.
4. The ethical principle of autonomy refers to:
A. The nurse's obligation to do no harm
B. The client's right to make their own healthcare decisions
C. The duty to act in the client's best interest
D. Fair distribution of healthcare resources
ANSWER : B. Autonomy respects the client's right to self-determination
and informed decision-making about their own care.
5. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence means:
A. The obligation to do good for the client
B. Fairness in resource distribution
C. The obligation to do no harm to the client
D. Truth-telling to the client
ANSWER : C. Nonmaleficence is the duty to avoid causing harm to the
client.
6. The ethical principle of beneficence means:
A. Acting in ways that promote the client's well-being and best interest
B. Respecting a client's right to refuse treatment
C. Ensuring fair treatment of all clients
D. Avoiding harm at all costs
ANSWER : A. Beneficence involves actively promoting good and the client's
overall welfare.
7. The ethical principle of justice in healthcare refers to:
A. Telling clients the truth about their diagnosis
B. Fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and treatment
C. Avoiding harm to the client
D. Respecting client decision-making
ANSWER : B. Justice concerns fairness, particularly in the equitable
allocation of resources and treatment among clients.
8. A client refuses a recommended blood transfusion due to religious
beliefs. The nurse's best action is to:
A. Convince the client to change their mind using fear tactics
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, B. Contact family members to override the client's decision
C. Respect the client's autonomous decision and document accordingly
D. Administer the transfusion because it is medically necessary
ANSWER : C. Respecting an informed, competent client's autonomous
refusal of treatment upholds the ethical principle of autonomy.
9. Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?
A. A conflict resolved simply by following facility policy
B. A disagreement about hospital scheduling
C. A situation where two ethical principles conflict and there is no clearly
right answer
D. A situation with an obvious, universally correct solution
ANSWER : C. An ethical dilemma exists when competing values or
principles create a situation without a clear, uncontested solution.
10. Veracity as an ethical principle refers to:
A. Truth-telling and honesty with clients
B. Loyalty and faithfulness to commitments
C. Fair distribution of resources
D. Respecting client autonomy
ANSWER : A. Veracity is the ethical duty to be honest and tell the truth to
clients.
11. Fidelity as an ethical principle refers to:
A. Keeping promises and being faithful to professional commitments
B. Acting for the client's benefit
C. Doing no harm
D. Fair allocation of resources
ANSWER : A. Fidelity involves being faithful to agreements and
responsibilities, including commitments made to clients.
12. A nurse who advocates for a client's wishes even when they differ
from the family's preferences is demonstrating:
A. Patient advocacy and respect for autonomy
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Paternalism
D. Nonmaleficence only
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VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST 2026/2027 EDITION
1. Cultural competence in nursing is best defined as:
A. Avoiding discussion of a client's cultural beliefs
B. Treating all clients exactly the same regardless of background
C. Learning every detail about every culture a nurse may encounter
D. The ability to provide care that respects and responds to the beliefs,
values, and needs of diverse clients
ANSWER : D. Cultural competence involves recognizing, respecting, and
responding to each client's unique cultural beliefs and needs.
2. Which action best demonstrates culturally sensitive nursing care?
A. Asking the client about their specific cultural preferences and
incorporating them into care
B. Avoiding any conversation about culture to prevent offense
C. Assuming all clients from the same ethnic background share identical
beliefs
D. Applying the nurse's own personal values to all client decisions
ANSWER : A. Individualized assessment of a client's specific beliefs avoids
stereotyping and supports culturally sensitive care.
3. Ethnocentrism in healthcare refers to:
A. A formal cultural assessment tool
B. Adapting care to fit a client's cultural beliefs
C. Valuing all cultures equally
D. The belief that one's own cultural values and practices are superior to
others
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, ANSWER : D. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as
superior, which can bias care delivery if unrecognized.
4. The ethical principle of autonomy refers to:
A. The nurse's obligation to do no harm
B. The client's right to make their own healthcare decisions
C. The duty to act in the client's best interest
D. Fair distribution of healthcare resources
ANSWER : B. Autonomy respects the client's right to self-determination
and informed decision-making about their own care.
5. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence means:
A. The obligation to do good for the client
B. Fairness in resource distribution
C. The obligation to do no harm to the client
D. Truth-telling to the client
ANSWER : C. Nonmaleficence is the duty to avoid causing harm to the
client.
6. The ethical principle of beneficence means:
A. Acting in ways that promote the client's well-being and best interest
B. Respecting a client's right to refuse treatment
C. Ensuring fair treatment of all clients
D. Avoiding harm at all costs
ANSWER : A. Beneficence involves actively promoting good and the client's
overall welfare.
7. The ethical principle of justice in healthcare refers to:
A. Telling clients the truth about their diagnosis
B. Fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and treatment
C. Avoiding harm to the client
D. Respecting client decision-making
ANSWER : B. Justice concerns fairness, particularly in the equitable
allocation of resources and treatment among clients.
8. A client refuses a recommended blood transfusion due to religious
beliefs. The nurse's best action is to:
A. Convince the client to change their mind using fear tactics
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, B. Contact family members to override the client's decision
C. Respect the client's autonomous decision and document accordingly
D. Administer the transfusion because it is medically necessary
ANSWER : C. Respecting an informed, competent client's autonomous
refusal of treatment upholds the ethical principle of autonomy.
9. Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?
A. A conflict resolved simply by following facility policy
B. A disagreement about hospital scheduling
C. A situation where two ethical principles conflict and there is no clearly
right answer
D. A situation with an obvious, universally correct solution
ANSWER : C. An ethical dilemma exists when competing values or
principles create a situation without a clear, uncontested solution.
10. Veracity as an ethical principle refers to:
A. Truth-telling and honesty with clients
B. Loyalty and faithfulness to commitments
C. Fair distribution of resources
D. Respecting client autonomy
ANSWER : A. Veracity is the ethical duty to be honest and tell the truth to
clients.
11. Fidelity as an ethical principle refers to:
A. Keeping promises and being faithful to professional commitments
B. Acting for the client's benefit
C. Doing no harm
D. Fair allocation of resources
ANSWER : A. Fidelity involves being faithful to agreements and
responsibilities, including commitments made to clients.
12. A nurse who advocates for a client's wishes even when they differ
from the family's preferences is demonstrating:
A. Patient advocacy and respect for autonomy
B. Ethnocentrism
C. Paternalism
D. Nonmaleficence only
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