HESI LPN FUNDAMENTALS 2 EXAM BASIC
NURSING CARE AND PROCEDURES
BREAKDOWN 2026
◉ What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? Answer: malleus,
incus, stapes
◉ How many bones make the skeletal column? Answer: 33 bones
◉ How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? Answer: 7
◉ How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? Answer: 12
◉ How many lumbar vertebrae? Answer: 5
◉ How many sacral vertebrae? Answer: 5
◉ How many coccygeal vertebrae? Answer: 1-the tailbone
◉ What makes up the final part of the axial skeleton? Answer: the
thorax
the sternum
,12 pairs of ribs.
◉ What makes up the appendicular skeleton? Answer: the bones of
the girdle and limbs
◉ What bones make the upper appendicular skeleton? Answer:
pectoral & shoulder girdle
clavicle
scapula
upper extremities
◉ What are the bones of the arm? Answer: Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (hand bones)
phalanges (finger bones)
◉ What bones make the lower part of the appendicular skeleton?
Answer: The pelvic girdle or os coxae
◉ What bones make the os coxae? Answer: fused ilium
, ischium
pubis
◉ What bones make up the lower extremities? Answer: femur
tibia
fibula
tarsals (ankle bones)
metatarsals (foot bones)
phalanges (toe bones)
◉ How do muscles make movement? Answer: Contraction in
response to nervous stimulation.
◉ What occurs in muscle fibers during contraction? Answer: Myosin
& actin filaments slide together.
◉ What structures make up muscle cells? Answer: Myofibrils made
up of sarcomeres.
◉ What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? Answer:
Calcium and ATP
NURSING CARE AND PROCEDURES
BREAKDOWN 2026
◉ What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears) ? Answer: malleus,
incus, stapes
◉ How many bones make the skeletal column? Answer: 33 bones
◉ How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? Answer: 7
◉ How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? Answer: 12
◉ How many lumbar vertebrae? Answer: 5
◉ How many sacral vertebrae? Answer: 5
◉ How many coccygeal vertebrae? Answer: 1-the tailbone
◉ What makes up the final part of the axial skeleton? Answer: the
thorax
the sternum
,12 pairs of ribs.
◉ What makes up the appendicular skeleton? Answer: the bones of
the girdle and limbs
◉ What bones make the upper appendicular skeleton? Answer:
pectoral & shoulder girdle
clavicle
scapula
upper extremities
◉ What are the bones of the arm? Answer: Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (hand bones)
phalanges (finger bones)
◉ What bones make the lower part of the appendicular skeleton?
Answer: The pelvic girdle or os coxae
◉ What bones make the os coxae? Answer: fused ilium
, ischium
pubis
◉ What bones make up the lower extremities? Answer: femur
tibia
fibula
tarsals (ankle bones)
metatarsals (foot bones)
phalanges (toe bones)
◉ How do muscles make movement? Answer: Contraction in
response to nervous stimulation.
◉ What occurs in muscle fibers during contraction? Answer: Myosin
& actin filaments slide together.
◉ What structures make up muscle cells? Answer: Myofibrils made
up of sarcomeres.
◉ What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? Answer:
Calcium and ATP
