Evolve HESI-RN Practice Tests: Pathophysiology
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1. After talking with the healthcare A. As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute
provider, a male client continues to more PSA in the circulating blood.
have questions about the results of
a prostatic surface antigen (PSA) Rationale: PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic
screening test and asks the nurse epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a specific
how the PSA levels become elevat- tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are related to gland
ed. The nurse should explain which volume, i.e., benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis,
pathophysiological mechanism? and cancer of the prostate, indicating (tumor) cell load
(A). PSA levels are also used to monitor response to
A. As the prostate gland enlarges, therapy. (B, C, and D) provide incorrect information.
its cells contribute more PSA in the
circulating blood.
B. The PSA levels normally rise and
fall, so multiple testings over time
are necessary.
C. Low PSA levels indicate that the
prostate gland is not functioning
properly.
D. The PSA blood test is used to de-
termine dosage for Viagra prescrip-
tions.
2. A 26-year-old male client with C. Permanent sterility occurs in male clients who re-
Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to ceive radiation.
undergo radiation therapy. The
client expresses concern about the Rationale: Low sperm count and loss of motility are
effect of radiation on his ability seen in males with Hodgkin's disease before any ther-
to have children. What information apy. Radiotherapy often results in permanent asper-
should the nurse provide? mia, or sterility (C). (A, B, and D) are inaccurate.
A. The radiation therapy causes the
inability to have an erection.
, Evolve HESI-RN Practice Tests: Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_diju8i
B. Radiation therapy with
chemotherapy causes temporary in-
fertility.
C. Permanent sterility occurs in
male clients who receive radiation.
D. The client should restrict sexual
activity during radiotherapy.
3. The nurse hears short, high-pitched B. Crackles in the right and left lower lobes.
sounds just before the end of inspi-
ration in the right and left lower Fine crackles (B) are short, high-pitched sounds heard
lobes when auscultating a client's just before the end of inspiration that are the result of
lungs. How should this finding be rapid equalization of pressure when collapsed alveoli
recorded? or terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open. Wheez-
ing (A) is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or
A. Inspiratory wheezes in both musical sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial
lungs. walls that are first evident on expiration and may be
B. Crackles in the right and left lower audible. Although (C) describes an adventitious lung
lobes. sound, this documentation is vague. (D) is a creaking
C. Abnormal lung sounds in the or grating sound from roughened, inflamed surfaces
bases of both lungs. of the pleura rubbing together heard during inspira-
D. Pleural friction rub in the right tion, expiration, and with no change during coughing.
and left lower lobes.
4. A client is admitted to the Emer- C. A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite
gency Department with a tension the pneumothorax.
pneumothorax. Which assessment
should the nurse expect to identify? Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumula-
tion of air in the pleural space, causing severely high
A. An absence of lung sounds on the intrapleural pressure. This results in collapse of the
affected side. lung, and the mediastinum shifts toward the unaffect-
B. An inability to auscultate tracheal ed side, which is subsequently compressed (C). (A, B,
, Evolve HESI-RN Practice Tests: Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_diju8i
breath sounds. and D) are not demonstrated with a tension pneu-
C. A deviation of the trachea toward mothorax.
the side opposite the pneumotho-
rax.
D. A shift of the point of maximal
impulse to the left, with bounding
pulses.
5. A client who is receiving a whole B. A febrile transfusion reaction.
blood transfusion develops chills,
fever, and a headache 30 minutes Symptoms of a febrile reaction (B) include sudden
after the transfusion is started. Thechills, fever, headache, flushing and muscle pain. An
nurse should recognize these symp- allergic reaction (A) is the response of histamine re-
toms as characteristic of what reac- lease which is characterized by flushing, itching, and
tion? urticaria. An anaphylactic reaction (C) exhibits an exag-
gerated allergic response that progresses to shock and
A. A mild allergic reaction. possible cardiac arrest. An acute hemolytic reaction
B. A febrile transfusion reaction. (D) presents with fever and chills, but is hallmarked
C. An anaphylactic transfusion reac- by the onset of low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea,
tion. vascular collapse, hemoglobinuria, dark urine, acute
D. An acute hemolytic transfusion renal failure, shock, cardiac arrest, and even death.
reaction.
6. The nurse is analyzing the wave- D. QRS interval of 0.14 second.
forms of a client's electrocardio-
gram. What finding indicates a The normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 to 0.12 second,
disturbance in electrical conduction so a prolonged QRS (D) indicates an electrical anomaly
in the ventricles? in the ventricles. The I wave is normally 0.16 seconds
(A). The PR interval range is 0.12 to 0.20 second (B).
A. T wave of 0.16 second. The QT interval should be 0.31 to 0.38 second (C).
B. PR interval of 0.18 second.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_diju8i
1. After talking with the healthcare A. As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute
provider, a male client continues to more PSA in the circulating blood.
have questions about the results of
a prostatic surface antigen (PSA) Rationale: PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic
screening test and asks the nurse epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a specific
how the PSA levels become elevat- tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are related to gland
ed. The nurse should explain which volume, i.e., benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis,
pathophysiological mechanism? and cancer of the prostate, indicating (tumor) cell load
(A). PSA levels are also used to monitor response to
A. As the prostate gland enlarges, therapy. (B, C, and D) provide incorrect information.
its cells contribute more PSA in the
circulating blood.
B. The PSA levels normally rise and
fall, so multiple testings over time
are necessary.
C. Low PSA levels indicate that the
prostate gland is not functioning
properly.
D. The PSA blood test is used to de-
termine dosage for Viagra prescrip-
tions.
2. A 26-year-old male client with C. Permanent sterility occurs in male clients who re-
Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to ceive radiation.
undergo radiation therapy. The
client expresses concern about the Rationale: Low sperm count and loss of motility are
effect of radiation on his ability seen in males with Hodgkin's disease before any ther-
to have children. What information apy. Radiotherapy often results in permanent asper-
should the nurse provide? mia, or sterility (C). (A, B, and D) are inaccurate.
A. The radiation therapy causes the
inability to have an erection.
, Evolve HESI-RN Practice Tests: Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_diju8i
B. Radiation therapy with
chemotherapy causes temporary in-
fertility.
C. Permanent sterility occurs in
male clients who receive radiation.
D. The client should restrict sexual
activity during radiotherapy.
3. The nurse hears short, high-pitched B. Crackles in the right and left lower lobes.
sounds just before the end of inspi-
ration in the right and left lower Fine crackles (B) are short, high-pitched sounds heard
lobes when auscultating a client's just before the end of inspiration that are the result of
lungs. How should this finding be rapid equalization of pressure when collapsed alveoli
recorded? or terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open. Wheez-
ing (A) is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or
A. Inspiratory wheezes in both musical sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial
lungs. walls that are first evident on expiration and may be
B. Crackles in the right and left lower audible. Although (C) describes an adventitious lung
lobes. sound, this documentation is vague. (D) is a creaking
C. Abnormal lung sounds in the or grating sound from roughened, inflamed surfaces
bases of both lungs. of the pleura rubbing together heard during inspira-
D. Pleural friction rub in the right tion, expiration, and with no change during coughing.
and left lower lobes.
4. A client is admitted to the Emer- C. A deviation of the trachea toward the side opposite
gency Department with a tension the pneumothorax.
pneumothorax. Which assessment
should the nurse expect to identify? Tension pneumothorax is caused by rapid accumula-
tion of air in the pleural space, causing severely high
A. An absence of lung sounds on the intrapleural pressure. This results in collapse of the
affected side. lung, and the mediastinum shifts toward the unaffect-
B. An inability to auscultate tracheal ed side, which is subsequently compressed (C). (A, B,
, Evolve HESI-RN Practice Tests: Pathophysiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_diju8i
breath sounds. and D) are not demonstrated with a tension pneu-
C. A deviation of the trachea toward mothorax.
the side opposite the pneumotho-
rax.
D. A shift of the point of maximal
impulse to the left, with bounding
pulses.
5. A client who is receiving a whole B. A febrile transfusion reaction.
blood transfusion develops chills,
fever, and a headache 30 minutes Symptoms of a febrile reaction (B) include sudden
after the transfusion is started. Thechills, fever, headache, flushing and muscle pain. An
nurse should recognize these symp- allergic reaction (A) is the response of histamine re-
toms as characteristic of what reac- lease which is characterized by flushing, itching, and
tion? urticaria. An anaphylactic reaction (C) exhibits an exag-
gerated allergic response that progresses to shock and
A. A mild allergic reaction. possible cardiac arrest. An acute hemolytic reaction
B. A febrile transfusion reaction. (D) presents with fever and chills, but is hallmarked
C. An anaphylactic transfusion reac- by the onset of low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea,
tion. vascular collapse, hemoglobinuria, dark urine, acute
D. An acute hemolytic transfusion renal failure, shock, cardiac arrest, and even death.
reaction.
6. The nurse is analyzing the wave- D. QRS interval of 0.14 second.
forms of a client's electrocardio-
gram. What finding indicates a The normal duration of the QRS is 0.04 to 0.12 second,
disturbance in electrical conduction so a prolonged QRS (D) indicates an electrical anomaly
in the ventricles? in the ventricles. The I wave is normally 0.16 seconds
(A). The PR interval range is 0.12 to 0.20 second (B).
A. T wave of 0.16 second. The QT interval should be 0.31 to 0.38 second (C).
B. PR interval of 0.18 second.
