CRA Exam STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED SOLUTIONS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION
Davis-Bacon Act -ANSWER ✅✅The Davis-Bacon act of 1931 is a United States
federal law that establishes the requirement for paying the local prevailing wages and
fringe benefits on public works projects for laborers and mechanics.
It applies to "contractors and subcontractors performing on federally funded or assisted
contracts in excess of $2,000 for the construction, alteration, or repair (including
painting and decorating) of public buildings or public works".
Biohazard Level 1 -ANSWER ✅✅Work involving well-characterized agents not known
to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal
potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
Work is typically conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological
practices. Special containment equipment or facility design is
not required, but may be used as determined by appropriate risk assessment.
Example: Chicken Pox
Biohazard Level 2 -ANSWER ✅✅Work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to
personnel and the environment.
It differs from BSL-1 in that: 1) laboratory personnel have specific training in handling
pathogenic agents and are supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious
agents and associated procedures; 2) access to the laboratory is restricted when work
is being conducted; and 3) all procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may
be created are conducted in BSCs or other physical containment equipment.
Example: HIV
Biohazard Level 3 -ANSWER ✅✅Work with indigenous or exotic agents that may
cause serious or lethal disease via aerosol transmission (inhalation).
Strictly controlled and must be registered with government agencies
,Ventilation must provide ducted, directional airflow with no re-circulation; must have all
BL-2 protestions plus more protective primary barriers as necessary (scrub suits,
respirators, etc).
Examples: West Nile, Yellow Fever
Biohazard Level 4 -ANSWER ✅✅Work with agents that are extremely dangerous and
pose a high risk of life-threatening disease.
Maximum protection and containment. Complete clothing
change/shower/decontamination of all meterials before leaving the facility. Class III
Biosafety cabinet.
Usually work is done in separate, isolated buildings with dedicated supply/exhaust
ventilation through HEPA filters.
Examples: Ebola, Lassa Virus, or any agent with unknown risks of transmission.
Biohazard Symbol -ANSWER ✅✅Created by Dow Chemical Company in 1966
"Wanted something memorable but meaningless so they could educate people on what
it means"
Biohazardous Waste -ANSWER ✅✅Any waste containing infectious materials or
potentially infectious substances (blood, sharps, or other wastes that could cause injury
during handling).
AKA: Infectious Waste or Biomed Waste
Biological Hazards -ANSWER ✅✅Biological substances that pose a threat to the
health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
Disposal of Biological Hazards -ANSWER ✅✅Red sharps containers and other
contaminated biohazard waste must be collected by a licenced biohazard waste hauler.
Non-contaminated waste can be disposed of as medical waste.
Hazardous Materials -ANSWER ✅✅Any items or agent which has the potential to
cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either by itself or through
interaction with other factors.
Can be Biological, Chemical, Radiological, and/or Physical
Nuremberg Trials -ANSWER ✅✅1945-1946
,Nazis performing medical experiments without subject's consent.
Led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code
Example: studying the effects of a human only drinking salt water for 3-4 months
Nuremberg Code (4 points) -ANSWER ✅✅Outlines and defines the ethical conduct of
medical experiments.
1) All research must have requirements for informed consent (must be voluntary)
2) Research must have benefits to society
3) Research must avoid any unnecessary risk
4) Must be run by scientifically qualified investigators
Thalidomide -ANSWER ✅✅1962
Seen as a "cure all" (especially for morning sickness) and was sold to the public without
a study into potential side effects
Caused severe birth defects
The Declaration of Helsinki was created as a direct result
Declaration of Helsinki -ANSWER ✅✅1964
Build on the Nuremberg Code
Recommendations:
1) Research with humans should be based on lab and animal experimentation
2) Research should be conducted by a medically/scientifically qualified individual
3) Risks should not exceed benefits
Declaration of Helsinki 1975 review -ANSWER ✅✅1) There must be an independent
review of research protocols
2) Provided requirements for informed consent
Syphilis Study at Tuskegee -ANSWER ✅✅1932-1972
Targeted African Americans
Subjects were told they would receive free medical care for Syphilis but received
nothing
Researchers deliberately withheld Penicillin from subjects, despite it being the known
cure for Syphilis
, National Research Act -ANSWER ✅✅1974
Established the existence of Institutional Review Boards to review biomedical and
behavioral research involving human subjects
Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects in biomedical/behavioral research
Identified basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and
behavioral research involving human subjects
Belmont Report -ANSWER ✅✅1979
A report created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
Prompted in part by the Tuskegee Syphilis Study
The three fundamental ethical principles for using any human subjects for research are:
1) Respect for Persons
2)Beneficence
3) Justice
Respect for Persons -ANSWER ✅✅One of the three fundamental ethical principles for
using any human subjects in research outlined by the Belmont Report.
Researchers must be truthful and conduct no deception
-Collect informed consent. Must include Information, Comprehension, and
Voluntariness. Must protect the privacy of the subject.
-Subjects with diminished autonomy (Vulnerable Populations) are entitled to protection
including: children, prisoners, pregnant women, fetuses
Beneficence -ANSWER ✅✅One of the three fundamental ethical principles for using
any human subjects in research outlined by the Belmont Report.
-Subject should not be harmed
-Research should maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm
-Assessment of risks and benefits.
Justice -ANSWER ✅✅One of the three fundamental ethical principles for using any
human subjects in research outlined by the Belmont Report.
-Benefits and Risks of the study must be distributed fairly
-Fair procedures for subject selection
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED SOLUTIONS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION
Davis-Bacon Act -ANSWER ✅✅The Davis-Bacon act of 1931 is a United States
federal law that establishes the requirement for paying the local prevailing wages and
fringe benefits on public works projects for laborers and mechanics.
It applies to "contractors and subcontractors performing on federally funded or assisted
contracts in excess of $2,000 for the construction, alteration, or repair (including
painting and decorating) of public buildings or public works".
Biohazard Level 1 -ANSWER ✅✅Work involving well-characterized agents not known
to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal
potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
Work is typically conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological
practices. Special containment equipment or facility design is
not required, but may be used as determined by appropriate risk assessment.
Example: Chicken Pox
Biohazard Level 2 -ANSWER ✅✅Work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to
personnel and the environment.
It differs from BSL-1 in that: 1) laboratory personnel have specific training in handling
pathogenic agents and are supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious
agents and associated procedures; 2) access to the laboratory is restricted when work
is being conducted; and 3) all procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may
be created are conducted in BSCs or other physical containment equipment.
Example: HIV
Biohazard Level 3 -ANSWER ✅✅Work with indigenous or exotic agents that may
cause serious or lethal disease via aerosol transmission (inhalation).
Strictly controlled and must be registered with government agencies
,Ventilation must provide ducted, directional airflow with no re-circulation; must have all
BL-2 protestions plus more protective primary barriers as necessary (scrub suits,
respirators, etc).
Examples: West Nile, Yellow Fever
Biohazard Level 4 -ANSWER ✅✅Work with agents that are extremely dangerous and
pose a high risk of life-threatening disease.
Maximum protection and containment. Complete clothing
change/shower/decontamination of all meterials before leaving the facility. Class III
Biosafety cabinet.
Usually work is done in separate, isolated buildings with dedicated supply/exhaust
ventilation through HEPA filters.
Examples: Ebola, Lassa Virus, or any agent with unknown risks of transmission.
Biohazard Symbol -ANSWER ✅✅Created by Dow Chemical Company in 1966
"Wanted something memorable but meaningless so they could educate people on what
it means"
Biohazardous Waste -ANSWER ✅✅Any waste containing infectious materials or
potentially infectious substances (blood, sharps, or other wastes that could cause injury
during handling).
AKA: Infectious Waste or Biomed Waste
Biological Hazards -ANSWER ✅✅Biological substances that pose a threat to the
health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
Disposal of Biological Hazards -ANSWER ✅✅Red sharps containers and other
contaminated biohazard waste must be collected by a licenced biohazard waste hauler.
Non-contaminated waste can be disposed of as medical waste.
Hazardous Materials -ANSWER ✅✅Any items or agent which has the potential to
cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either by itself or through
interaction with other factors.
Can be Biological, Chemical, Radiological, and/or Physical
Nuremberg Trials -ANSWER ✅✅1945-1946
,Nazis performing medical experiments without subject's consent.
Led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code
Example: studying the effects of a human only drinking salt water for 3-4 months
Nuremberg Code (4 points) -ANSWER ✅✅Outlines and defines the ethical conduct of
medical experiments.
1) All research must have requirements for informed consent (must be voluntary)
2) Research must have benefits to society
3) Research must avoid any unnecessary risk
4) Must be run by scientifically qualified investigators
Thalidomide -ANSWER ✅✅1962
Seen as a "cure all" (especially for morning sickness) and was sold to the public without
a study into potential side effects
Caused severe birth defects
The Declaration of Helsinki was created as a direct result
Declaration of Helsinki -ANSWER ✅✅1964
Build on the Nuremberg Code
Recommendations:
1) Research with humans should be based on lab and animal experimentation
2) Research should be conducted by a medically/scientifically qualified individual
3) Risks should not exceed benefits
Declaration of Helsinki 1975 review -ANSWER ✅✅1) There must be an independent
review of research protocols
2) Provided requirements for informed consent
Syphilis Study at Tuskegee -ANSWER ✅✅1932-1972
Targeted African Americans
Subjects were told they would receive free medical care for Syphilis but received
nothing
Researchers deliberately withheld Penicillin from subjects, despite it being the known
cure for Syphilis
, National Research Act -ANSWER ✅✅1974
Established the existence of Institutional Review Boards to review biomedical and
behavioral research involving human subjects
Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects in biomedical/behavioral research
Identified basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and
behavioral research involving human subjects
Belmont Report -ANSWER ✅✅1979
A report created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
Prompted in part by the Tuskegee Syphilis Study
The three fundamental ethical principles for using any human subjects for research are:
1) Respect for Persons
2)Beneficence
3) Justice
Respect for Persons -ANSWER ✅✅One of the three fundamental ethical principles for
using any human subjects in research outlined by the Belmont Report.
Researchers must be truthful and conduct no deception
-Collect informed consent. Must include Information, Comprehension, and
Voluntariness. Must protect the privacy of the subject.
-Subjects with diminished autonomy (Vulnerable Populations) are entitled to protection
including: children, prisoners, pregnant women, fetuses
Beneficence -ANSWER ✅✅One of the three fundamental ethical principles for using
any human subjects in research outlined by the Belmont Report.
-Subject should not be harmed
-Research should maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm
-Assessment of risks and benefits.
Justice -ANSWER ✅✅One of the three fundamental ethical principles for using any
human subjects in research outlined by the Belmont Report.
-Benefits and Risks of the study must be distributed fairly
-Fair procedures for subject selection
