CMN 568 EXAM STUDY SHEET 2026
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ hordeolum.
Answer: - commonly d/t staph
- internal (meibomian gland)
- external (Zeis gland, STYE)
- tx: warm compress, incision if no improvement, abx ointment (baci
or erythro) during acute stage
◉ chalazion.
Answer: - infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing
as a beady nodule on the eyelid
- tx: warm compress; incision if no improvement in 2-3wk
◉ blepharitis.
Answer: inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the
margin of the eyelids
- s/s: irritation, burning, itching
- posterior: meibomian gland, lad rolled inward (entropion),
telangiectaias
,- anterior - red rimmed, scales or colleretts
- tx: warm compress, baby shampoo scrubs, baci/erythro in acute
stages
◉ endotropion.
Answer: - Inversion of the lid and lashed caused by muscle spasm of
the eyelid. Friction from lashes can caused corneal irritation.
- usually lower lid
- common with age increase
- sx if lashes cause irritation
- botox temporary fix
◉ Ectotropion.
Answer: outward turning of the eyelid
◉ basal cell carcinoma.
Answer: most common malignant tumor of eye lid
◉ dacryocystitis.
Answer: - inflammation, infection of lacrimal sac
- usually UL
- s/s: tearing, d/c, pain, erythema
,- patho: strep, staph epi
- tx: acute w/ sys abx or sx to resolve obstruction; congenital usually
resolves spont
◉ Viral conjunctivitis.
Answer: adenovirus; highly contagious**
swimming pools - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- lg pre-auricular lymph nodes (not present in bacterial)
*erythema, copious watery discharge
tx: supportive
- if d/t herpes then need antivirals (usually UL)
◉ Bacterial conjunctivitis.
Answer: - pink eye
- staph, strep, moraxella, psuedomaonas
- s/s: purulent d/c and matting, mild vision blurring
- usually self-limiting (10-14d)
◉ Chlamydial conjunctivitis.
Answer: Trachoma - Most common cause of blindness worldwide
due to chronic scarring.
, ◉ Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.
Answer: - conjunctivitis in late childhood, early adulthood
- seasonal
- cobblestone papillae, trantas dots (yellow-white points in limbus)
and horner points (in conjunctiva), long eyelashes, dennie lines
- corneal involvement in severe cases
- affects more men than women
◉ Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).
Answer: -bilateral inflammation of conj and eyelids
- usually with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and erythema
- rarely seen before late teens
- ocular s/s worse and all year
- vision impairment d/t corneal damage
◉ Pinguecula.
Answer: - yellowish mass on the conjunctiva
- common in >35 yo
- usually BL and on nasal side
- rarely grow
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ hordeolum.
Answer: - commonly d/t staph
- internal (meibomian gland)
- external (Zeis gland, STYE)
- tx: warm compress, incision if no improvement, abx ointment (baci
or erythro) during acute stage
◉ chalazion.
Answer: - infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing
as a beady nodule on the eyelid
- tx: warm compress; incision if no improvement in 2-3wk
◉ blepharitis.
Answer: inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the
margin of the eyelids
- s/s: irritation, burning, itching
- posterior: meibomian gland, lad rolled inward (entropion),
telangiectaias
,- anterior - red rimmed, scales or colleretts
- tx: warm compress, baby shampoo scrubs, baci/erythro in acute
stages
◉ endotropion.
Answer: - Inversion of the lid and lashed caused by muscle spasm of
the eyelid. Friction from lashes can caused corneal irritation.
- usually lower lid
- common with age increase
- sx if lashes cause irritation
- botox temporary fix
◉ Ectotropion.
Answer: outward turning of the eyelid
◉ basal cell carcinoma.
Answer: most common malignant tumor of eye lid
◉ dacryocystitis.
Answer: - inflammation, infection of lacrimal sac
- usually UL
- s/s: tearing, d/c, pain, erythema
,- patho: strep, staph epi
- tx: acute w/ sys abx or sx to resolve obstruction; congenital usually
resolves spont
◉ Viral conjunctivitis.
Answer: adenovirus; highly contagious**
swimming pools - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
- lg pre-auricular lymph nodes (not present in bacterial)
*erythema, copious watery discharge
tx: supportive
- if d/t herpes then need antivirals (usually UL)
◉ Bacterial conjunctivitis.
Answer: - pink eye
- staph, strep, moraxella, psuedomaonas
- s/s: purulent d/c and matting, mild vision blurring
- usually self-limiting (10-14d)
◉ Chlamydial conjunctivitis.
Answer: Trachoma - Most common cause of blindness worldwide
due to chronic scarring.
, ◉ Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.
Answer: - conjunctivitis in late childhood, early adulthood
- seasonal
- cobblestone papillae, trantas dots (yellow-white points in limbus)
and horner points (in conjunctiva), long eyelashes, dennie lines
- corneal involvement in severe cases
- affects more men than women
◉ Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).
Answer: -bilateral inflammation of conj and eyelids
- usually with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and erythema
- rarely seen before late teens
- ocular s/s worse and all year
- vision impairment d/t corneal damage
◉ Pinguecula.
Answer: - yellowish mass on the conjunctiva
- common in >35 yo
- usually BL and on nasal side
- rarely grow
