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,Political Machines Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the
machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.
Labor Union An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits
for its members
Knights of Labor 1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague
program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed
Homestead Act 1862 - provided free land in the west as long as the person would settle there and make
improvements in five years
Transcontinental Railroad Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with
California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west
, Great Plains A mostly flat and grassy region of western North America
Reservations areas of federal land set aside for American Indians
Dawes Act 1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools
to make Native American children more like other Americans
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing
students and merchants to immigrate.
Progressive Era time at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America
economically, socially, and politically