ATI PEDIATRICS COMPREHENSIVE
NURSING EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following
dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Provide a low-protein diet to decrease metabolic waste.
B. Decrease caloric intake to prevent excessive weight gain.
C. Restrict salt intake during the summer months.
D. Administer pancreatic enzymes within 30 minutes of each meal and snack.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Children with cystic fibrosis require pancreatic enzymes with all
meals and snacks to assist with the digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates due to pancreatic insufficiency.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer the MMR vaccine to a toddler. Which of the following
conditions is a contraindication for this vaccine?
A. A history of a localized reaction to a previous DTaP vaccine.
B. A sibling who is currently receiving chemotherapy.
,C. Current treatment for a mild upper respiratory infection.
D. A known severe allergy to neomycin or gelatin.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The MMR vaccine is contraindicated for children who have a
history of anaphylactic reactions to neomycin or gelatin, as these are components of the
vaccine.
3. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is the
primary developmental task for a toddler?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Toddlers (ages 1-3 years) are in the stage of Autonomy
vs. Shame and Doubt, where they strive for independence and control over their
environment.
4. A nurse is caring for an infant who is experiencing a ‘tet spell’ (hypercyanotic episode) due
to Tetralogy of Fallot. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
, B. Prepare morphine sulfate for intravenous administration.
C. Obtain an arterial blood gas sample.
D. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position should be the first action because it
increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and
improves pulmonary blood flow.
5. A nurse is assessing a 4-week-old infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools containing blood and mucus.
B. Bile-stained emesis after feedings.
C. An olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant.
D. A sausage-shaped mass in the lower abdomen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically presents with a palpable
olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant and non-bilious projectile
vomiting.
NURSING EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following
dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Provide a low-protein diet to decrease metabolic waste.
B. Decrease caloric intake to prevent excessive weight gain.
C. Restrict salt intake during the summer months.
D. Administer pancreatic enzymes within 30 minutes of each meal and snack.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Children with cystic fibrosis require pancreatic enzymes with all
meals and snacks to assist with the digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates due to pancreatic insufficiency.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer the MMR vaccine to a toddler. Which of the following
conditions is a contraindication for this vaccine?
A. A history of a localized reaction to a previous DTaP vaccine.
B. A sibling who is currently receiving chemotherapy.
,C. Current treatment for a mild upper respiratory infection.
D. A known severe allergy to neomycin or gelatin.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The MMR vaccine is contraindicated for children who have a
history of anaphylactic reactions to neomycin or gelatin, as these are components of the
vaccine.
3. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is the
primary developmental task for a toddler?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Toddlers (ages 1-3 years) are in the stage of Autonomy
vs. Shame and Doubt, where they strive for independence and control over their
environment.
4. A nurse is caring for an infant who is experiencing a ‘tet spell’ (hypercyanotic episode) due
to Tetralogy of Fallot. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
, B. Prepare morphine sulfate for intravenous administration.
C. Obtain an arterial blood gas sample.
D. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position should be the first action because it
increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and
improves pulmonary blood flow.
5. A nurse is assessing a 4-week-old infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools containing blood and mucus.
B. Bile-stained emesis after feedings.
C. An olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant.
D. A sausage-shaped mass in the lower abdomen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically presents with a palpable
olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant and non-bilious projectile
vomiting.
