Life processes are the functions CH AP T ER - 1
performed by living organisms to - Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
maintain life.
LIFE PROCESSES - Cell Membrane
Cell
─── Mind Map ───
1. NUTRITION 2. RESPIRATION 3. TRANSPORTATION 4. EXCRETION
The process by which organisms take The process of breaking down food in The process of moving substances like The process of removing waste
in food and utilize it for energy, cells to release energy. food, gases, and wastes to different products from the body.
growth and repair. Types: parts of the body. In Humans:
Types: • Aerobic respiration - Uses oxygen In Humans: • Kidneys remove nitrogenous waste
• Autotrophic - prepare their own to release more energy. • Blood, the transport fluid, helps in in the form of urine.
food (e.g., green plants) • Anaerobic respiration - Takes place the movement. • Other organs like skin and lungs
• Heterotrophic - depend on others in absence of oxygen (releases less • The heart pumps blood through also help.
for food (e.g., animals, fungi) energy). blood vessels.
Steps in Nutrition (Animals): Equation: Blood contains:
Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Food + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Energy RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, Plasma.
Assimilation → Egestion
Kidneys are the main excretory organs.
Heart acts as a pump and keeps blood
In humans, respiration occurs in the lungs. flowing.
Plants make their food by photosynthesis.
5. MOVEMENT 6. CONTROL AND COORDINATION 7. REPRODUCTION
The movement of body parts or the whole body from The process by which organisms respond to changes The biological process by which organisms produce
one place to another. in the environment and coordinate activities. new individuals of the same kind.
In Humans: In Humans: Types:
• Movement of bones is brought about by muscles. • The nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves) • Asexual - Single parent, no gametes (e.g., budding
• Skeletal system provides support. controls and coordinates. in yeast)
• Sense organs detect changes and send messages to • Sexual - Two parents, involves gametes (e.g.,
the brain. humans)
Example: Touching a hot object and quickly pulling back It ensures continuity of species.
your hand.
Muscles contract and relax to bring about movement.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
• All living organisms perform life processes.
"Life is a combination of processes that work together in perfect harmony." 🌿
• These processes help in survival, growth, and reproduction.
• Together, they maintain the balance of life.
performed by living organisms to - Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
maintain life.
LIFE PROCESSES - Cell Membrane
Cell
─── Mind Map ───
1. NUTRITION 2. RESPIRATION 3. TRANSPORTATION 4. EXCRETION
The process by which organisms take The process of breaking down food in The process of moving substances like The process of removing waste
in food and utilize it for energy, cells to release energy. food, gases, and wastes to different products from the body.
growth and repair. Types: parts of the body. In Humans:
Types: • Aerobic respiration - Uses oxygen In Humans: • Kidneys remove nitrogenous waste
• Autotrophic - prepare their own to release more energy. • Blood, the transport fluid, helps in in the form of urine.
food (e.g., green plants) • Anaerobic respiration - Takes place the movement. • Other organs like skin and lungs
• Heterotrophic - depend on others in absence of oxygen (releases less • The heart pumps blood through also help.
for food (e.g., animals, fungi) energy). blood vessels.
Steps in Nutrition (Animals): Equation: Blood contains:
Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Food + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Energy RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, Plasma.
Assimilation → Egestion
Kidneys are the main excretory organs.
Heart acts as a pump and keeps blood
In humans, respiration occurs in the lungs. flowing.
Plants make their food by photosynthesis.
5. MOVEMENT 6. CONTROL AND COORDINATION 7. REPRODUCTION
The movement of body parts or the whole body from The process by which organisms respond to changes The biological process by which organisms produce
one place to another. in the environment and coordinate activities. new individuals of the same kind.
In Humans: In Humans: Types:
• Movement of bones is brought about by muscles. • The nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves) • Asexual - Single parent, no gametes (e.g., budding
• Skeletal system provides support. controls and coordinates. in yeast)
• Sense organs detect changes and send messages to • Sexual - Two parents, involves gametes (e.g.,
the brain. humans)
Example: Touching a hot object and quickly pulling back It ensures continuity of species.
your hand.
Muscles contract and relax to bring about movement.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
• All living organisms perform life processes.
"Life is a combination of processes that work together in perfect harmony." 🌿
• These processes help in survival, growth, and reproduction.
• Together, they maintain the balance of life.
