WGU 785 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
●● Autosomal:
Dominant:
Answer: Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
●● polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA,
Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
●● 3 Steps of PCR
Answer: 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you
want to copy and add DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
●● Base Excision Repair (BER)
,Answer: How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a
base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged
and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
●● Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Answer: replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a
mismatch pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the
nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex:
C-T instead of C-A)
●● Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Answer: When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as
G-T instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
●● What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
Answer: TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual
nucleotides and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a
correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
●● What is needed for DNA replication?
Answer: DNA polymerase
, ●● Nonsense Mutation
Answer: Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop=
nonsense because it is no more.
●● Silent Mutation
Answer: Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid.
Silent= the change doesn't change the name of the protein
●● Missense Mutation
Answer: Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino
acid. Missense = mistake was made.
●● What happends during RNA splicing?
Answer: During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons
are joined together.
●● 5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Answer: 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite
number, then go L-R with the complimentary letter.
●● 5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
●● Autosomal:
Dominant:
Answer: Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
●● polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA,
Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
●● 3 Steps of PCR
Answer: 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you
want to copy and add DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding
nucleotides building a new DNA strand.
●● Base Excision Repair (BER)
,Answer: How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a
base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged
and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide*
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
●● Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Answer: replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a
mismatch pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the
nucleotides from the new DNA and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex:
C-T instead of C-A)
●● Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Answer: When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as
G-T instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
●● What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
Answer: TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual
nucleotides and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a
correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.
●● What is needed for DNA replication?
Answer: DNA polymerase
, ●● Nonsense Mutation
Answer: Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop=
nonsense because it is no more.
●● Silent Mutation
Answer: Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid.
Silent= the change doesn't change the name of the protein
●● Missense Mutation
Answer: Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino
acid. Missense = mistake was made.
●● What happends during RNA splicing?
Answer: During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons
are joined together.
●● 5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Answer: 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite
number, then go L-R with the complimentary letter.
●● 5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
