UCLA LING 1 FINAL COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE
◉ sound symbolism.
Answer: words whose pronunciation suggests their meaning
◉ what is onomatopoeia and why are they different in different
languages despite association with the same objects/actions.
Answer: - a word that imitates the sound it represents
- sounds differ from language to language to reflect the sound
system of the language (gobble gobble vs glu-glu in Turkey)
◉ creative aspect of language.
Answer: being able to produce an infinite number of sentences never
spoken before and to understand sentences never heard before
◉ grammar.
Answer: - set of unconcious rules that are responsible for our
linguistic creativity
- allows us to recognize which sentences are acceptable vs
unacceptable
,◉ lingustic competence.
Answer: our knowledge of words and grammar (what we know)
◉ linguistic performance.
Answer: how we use knowledge in actual speech production and
comprehension
◉ why does linguistic performance not reflect linguistic
competence?.
Answer: we may stammer, pause, or produce slips of the tongue
unintentionally and are able to correct ourselves
◉ phonology.
Answer: the rules for combining sounds to make words
◉ morphology.
Answer: rules of word formation
◉ syntax.
Answer: rules for combining words into sentences
◉ semantics.
,Answer: rules for assigning meaning
◉ lexicon.
Answer: mental dictionary
◉ descriptive grammar.
Answer: type of grammar that is more concerned with how language
is ACTUALLY USED rather than the rules of grammar that might be
taught in school
◉ prescriptive grammar.
Answer: type of grammar that is more concerned with how language
SHOULD be used rather than what is actually used
◉ prestige dialect.
Answer: variety of the language spoken by people in positions of
power
◉ teaching grammar.
Answer: a set of language rules written to help speakers learn a
foreign language or a different dialect of their language.
◉ why are sign languages the best evidence for language universals.
, Answer: - components of sign language are similar to spoken
languages
- system of gestures = system of sounds
- slips of the hand = slips of the tongue
◉ dialect.
Answer: a variety of language whose grammar differs in systematic
ways from other varieties
- differences can be lexical, phonological, syntactic, and semantic
◉ dialect continuum.
Answer: - there is no sudden major break between dialects
- dialects merge into one another
◉ dialectal leveling.
Answer: movement toward greater uniformity and less variation
among dialects
◉ regional dialects.
Answer: dialect that forms when various linguistic difference
accumulate in a geographic region
◉ accents.
GUIDE
◉ sound symbolism.
Answer: words whose pronunciation suggests their meaning
◉ what is onomatopoeia and why are they different in different
languages despite association with the same objects/actions.
Answer: - a word that imitates the sound it represents
- sounds differ from language to language to reflect the sound
system of the language (gobble gobble vs glu-glu in Turkey)
◉ creative aspect of language.
Answer: being able to produce an infinite number of sentences never
spoken before and to understand sentences never heard before
◉ grammar.
Answer: - set of unconcious rules that are responsible for our
linguistic creativity
- allows us to recognize which sentences are acceptable vs
unacceptable
,◉ lingustic competence.
Answer: our knowledge of words and grammar (what we know)
◉ linguistic performance.
Answer: how we use knowledge in actual speech production and
comprehension
◉ why does linguistic performance not reflect linguistic
competence?.
Answer: we may stammer, pause, or produce slips of the tongue
unintentionally and are able to correct ourselves
◉ phonology.
Answer: the rules for combining sounds to make words
◉ morphology.
Answer: rules of word formation
◉ syntax.
Answer: rules for combining words into sentences
◉ semantics.
,Answer: rules for assigning meaning
◉ lexicon.
Answer: mental dictionary
◉ descriptive grammar.
Answer: type of grammar that is more concerned with how language
is ACTUALLY USED rather than the rules of grammar that might be
taught in school
◉ prescriptive grammar.
Answer: type of grammar that is more concerned with how language
SHOULD be used rather than what is actually used
◉ prestige dialect.
Answer: variety of the language spoken by people in positions of
power
◉ teaching grammar.
Answer: a set of language rules written to help speakers learn a
foreign language or a different dialect of their language.
◉ why are sign languages the best evidence for language universals.
, Answer: - components of sign language are similar to spoken
languages
- system of gestures = system of sounds
- slips of the hand = slips of the tongue
◉ dialect.
Answer: a variety of language whose grammar differs in systematic
ways from other varieties
- differences can be lexical, phonological, syntactic, and semantic
◉ dialect continuum.
Answer: - there is no sudden major break between dialects
- dialects merge into one another
◉ dialectal leveling.
Answer: movement toward greater uniformity and less variation
among dialects
◉ regional dialects.
Answer: dialect that forms when various linguistic difference
accumulate in a geographic region
◉ accents.
