NURS 5432 Final Evaluation Updated Questions and
Answers
What inflammatory markers may be elevated? - ESR and CRP.
What is the treatment of anemia of chronic disease? - Treat underlying cause,
epoetin alfa, transfusion if severe.
What type of anemia is B12 deficiency? - Macrocytic.
What causes B12 deficiency? - Lack of intrinsic factor, Crohn's, celiac, vegetarian
diet, alcoholism, surgery.
What is pernicious anemia? - Lack of intrinsic factor causing B12 deficiency.
What are classic neurologic symptoms of B12 deficiency? - Paresthesias, ataxia,
decreased reflexes.
How long should iron therapy continue after levels normalize? - 2-3 months.
What is the adult elemental iron dose? - 65-130 mg/day.
What is the pediatric elemental iron dose? - 3-6 mg/kg/day.
, What increases iron absorption? - Vitamin C.
What does MCV measure? - Average size of red blood cells.
What MCV value defines microcytic anemia? - Less than 80.
What MCV value defines macrocytic anemia? - Greater than 100.
What does MCHC measure? - Hemoglobin concentration (color) inside RBCs.
What is the normal MCHC range? - 32-36%.
What does hypochromic mean? - MCHC <32% (pale RBCs).
What does hyperchromic mean? - MCHC >36%.
What does RDW measure? - Variation in RBC size (anisocytosis).
Which anemia has elevated RDW: IDA or thalassemia? - Iron deficiency anemia.
What does reticulocyte count measure? - Bone marrow response (new RBC
production).
When is transfusion indicated in acute blood loss? - Hgb <7 or symptomatic
(tachycardia, hypotension).
Hgb 6.8 + tachycardia → management? - Transfusion.
, First-line step in suspected myelodysplastic syndrome? - Hematology referral.
Second-line treatments for myelodysplastic syndrome? - Transfusions; bone
marrow transplant if candidate.
First-line treatment for CKD anemia? - Epoetin alfa.
Second-line options for CKD anemia? - Iron supplementation or transfusion if
severe.
Microcytic + low ferritin → ? - Oral iron.
Macrocytic + neurologic symptoms → ? - IM B12.
Normocytic + chronic inflammation → ? - Treat underlying disease.
Pain crisis + sickle cell → ? - Hydration + pain control.
Lead level ≥45 → ? - Chelation.
Hgb <7 (stable adult) → ? - Transfusion.
What are the 3 main causes of IDA? - Decreased intake, increased demand
(pregnancy/growth), blood loss.
Answers
What inflammatory markers may be elevated? - ESR and CRP.
What is the treatment of anemia of chronic disease? - Treat underlying cause,
epoetin alfa, transfusion if severe.
What type of anemia is B12 deficiency? - Macrocytic.
What causes B12 deficiency? - Lack of intrinsic factor, Crohn's, celiac, vegetarian
diet, alcoholism, surgery.
What is pernicious anemia? - Lack of intrinsic factor causing B12 deficiency.
What are classic neurologic symptoms of B12 deficiency? - Paresthesias, ataxia,
decreased reflexes.
How long should iron therapy continue after levels normalize? - 2-3 months.
What is the adult elemental iron dose? - 65-130 mg/day.
What is the pediatric elemental iron dose? - 3-6 mg/kg/day.
, What increases iron absorption? - Vitamin C.
What does MCV measure? - Average size of red blood cells.
What MCV value defines microcytic anemia? - Less than 80.
What MCV value defines macrocytic anemia? - Greater than 100.
What does MCHC measure? - Hemoglobin concentration (color) inside RBCs.
What is the normal MCHC range? - 32-36%.
What does hypochromic mean? - MCHC <32% (pale RBCs).
What does hyperchromic mean? - MCHC >36%.
What does RDW measure? - Variation in RBC size (anisocytosis).
Which anemia has elevated RDW: IDA or thalassemia? - Iron deficiency anemia.
What does reticulocyte count measure? - Bone marrow response (new RBC
production).
When is transfusion indicated in acute blood loss? - Hgb <7 or symptomatic
(tachycardia, hypotension).
Hgb 6.8 + tachycardia → management? - Transfusion.
, First-line step in suspected myelodysplastic syndrome? - Hematology referral.
Second-line treatments for myelodysplastic syndrome? - Transfusions; bone
marrow transplant if candidate.
First-line treatment for CKD anemia? - Epoetin alfa.
Second-line options for CKD anemia? - Iron supplementation or transfusion if
severe.
Microcytic + low ferritin → ? - Oral iron.
Macrocytic + neurologic symptoms → ? - IM B12.
Normocytic + chronic inflammation → ? - Treat underlying disease.
Pain crisis + sickle cell → ? - Hydration + pain control.
Lead level ≥45 → ? - Chelation.
Hgb <7 (stable adult) → ? - Transfusion.
What are the 3 main causes of IDA? - Decreased intake, increased demand
(pregnancy/growth), blood loss.
