Praxis 5153 Pedagogy | Pennsylvania Grades 4-8 Core Assessment Study Guide & Practice Test 2026/2027
Benjamin Bloom ________ 's work involved different levels of complexity of learning objectives
that can relate to assessment of those objectives.
Benjamin Bloom Established a hierarchy of educational objectives that attempted to divide
cognitive objectives into subdivisions ranging from simplest to most complex
behavior.
Benjamin Bloom test questions that access varying levels of understanding is based off the work
of ______
creative thinking a cognitive process that involves combining information to develop new
understanding, concepts, or ideas
stream of consciousness a style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's
mind.
conjecture an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information
lateral thinking thinking outside the box
professional councils - especially those tied to specific leading sources of research-based information and opportunities to meet with
content areas other educators who teach in the same area
-possess an intense desire to learn about their own what describes a gifted student?
interests
-cognitive ability to think at abstract levels earlier than
same-aged peers
-form their own ways of thinking about problems and
ideas
advanced content and choice in learning activites what do gifted students need?
essential questions Establishing _____________ helps guide teachers in selecting learning
objectives and materials that connect to each other and the unit as a whole.
standardized test give the teacher information about the student's performance in comparison to
others in his or her grade
relative grading standard Grades given according to a student's rank in his or her class or grade.
performance assessment Assessment in which students demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a
nonwritten fashion.
formative assessment Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students'
understanding and inform and guide teaching
, Praxis 5153 Pedagogy | Pennsylvania Grades 4-8 Core Assessment Study Guide & Practice Test 2026/2027
summative assessment Assessment data collected after instruction to evaluate a student's mastery of the
curriculum objectives and a teacher's effectiveness at instructional delivery.
Relating classroom activities to the various needs and reflects a family-centered program and the promotion of parent partnerships with
interests of children and families the school
formal operational stage Piaget's cognitive stage in which children are able to debate social matters and
other abstract ideas
concrete operational stage During this stage in Piaget's theory, children begin to develop logical thinking
skills and can perform operations on concrete objects and events
preoperational stage during this stage in piaget's theory, young children are able to think about things
symbolically
sensorimotor stage during this stage in piaget's theory, infants are busy discovering relationships
between their bodies and the environment
The teacher asks each student to write two sentences an informal assessment that a teacher might use to best check individual
that answer a question on a topic the teacher puts on the students' understanding of a lesson or unit in progress
board midway through the class
portfolio assessment consists of a collection of student work accumulated over a period of instruction
such as a unit or course
providing student support during independent practice what is something a paraeducator might do
social learning learning occurs when people imitate or model the behaviors of others
connectivism we learn when we make connections, or "links," between various "nodes" of
information, and we continue to make and maintain connections to form
knowledge
Behaviorism show students how they should react and respond to certain stimuli. This needs
to be done in a repetitive way, to regularly remind students what behavior a
teacher is looking for
positive reinforcement what is important when it comes to behaviorism learning theory
cognitivism learning theory that focuses on how information is received, organized, stored
and retrieved by the mind. It uses the mind as an information processer, like a
computer
self-efficacy By helping students to form and achieve attainable goals, the teacher is fostering
the belief of ___________ in individuals needed to have in themselves to be
intrinsically motivated in future tasks
attribute A student who fails an exam, therefore, would ________ their failure to
something about themselves and to something they couldn't change (such as
their level of intelligence). In the event of success they would ________ the
outcome to something external and unstable such as luck
Benjamin Bloom ________ 's work involved different levels of complexity of learning objectives
that can relate to assessment of those objectives.
Benjamin Bloom Established a hierarchy of educational objectives that attempted to divide
cognitive objectives into subdivisions ranging from simplest to most complex
behavior.
Benjamin Bloom test questions that access varying levels of understanding is based off the work
of ______
creative thinking a cognitive process that involves combining information to develop new
understanding, concepts, or ideas
stream of consciousness a style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's
mind.
conjecture an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information
lateral thinking thinking outside the box
professional councils - especially those tied to specific leading sources of research-based information and opportunities to meet with
content areas other educators who teach in the same area
-possess an intense desire to learn about their own what describes a gifted student?
interests
-cognitive ability to think at abstract levels earlier than
same-aged peers
-form their own ways of thinking about problems and
ideas
advanced content and choice in learning activites what do gifted students need?
essential questions Establishing _____________ helps guide teachers in selecting learning
objectives and materials that connect to each other and the unit as a whole.
standardized test give the teacher information about the student's performance in comparison to
others in his or her grade
relative grading standard Grades given according to a student's rank in his or her class or grade.
performance assessment Assessment in which students demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a
nonwritten fashion.
formative assessment Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students'
understanding and inform and guide teaching
, Praxis 5153 Pedagogy | Pennsylvania Grades 4-8 Core Assessment Study Guide & Practice Test 2026/2027
summative assessment Assessment data collected after instruction to evaluate a student's mastery of the
curriculum objectives and a teacher's effectiveness at instructional delivery.
Relating classroom activities to the various needs and reflects a family-centered program and the promotion of parent partnerships with
interests of children and families the school
formal operational stage Piaget's cognitive stage in which children are able to debate social matters and
other abstract ideas
concrete operational stage During this stage in Piaget's theory, children begin to develop logical thinking
skills and can perform operations on concrete objects and events
preoperational stage during this stage in piaget's theory, young children are able to think about things
symbolically
sensorimotor stage during this stage in piaget's theory, infants are busy discovering relationships
between their bodies and the environment
The teacher asks each student to write two sentences an informal assessment that a teacher might use to best check individual
that answer a question on a topic the teacher puts on the students' understanding of a lesson or unit in progress
board midway through the class
portfolio assessment consists of a collection of student work accumulated over a period of instruction
such as a unit or course
providing student support during independent practice what is something a paraeducator might do
social learning learning occurs when people imitate or model the behaviors of others
connectivism we learn when we make connections, or "links," between various "nodes" of
information, and we continue to make and maintain connections to form
knowledge
Behaviorism show students how they should react and respond to certain stimuli. This needs
to be done in a repetitive way, to regularly remind students what behavior a
teacher is looking for
positive reinforcement what is important when it comes to behaviorism learning theory
cognitivism learning theory that focuses on how information is received, organized, stored
and retrieved by the mind. It uses the mind as an information processer, like a
computer
self-efficacy By helping students to form and achieve attainable goals, the teacher is fostering
the belief of ___________ in individuals needed to have in themselves to be
intrinsically motivated in future tasks
attribute A student who fails an exam, therefore, would ________ their failure to
something about themselves and to something they couldn't change (such as
their level of intelligence). In the event of success they would ________ the
outcome to something external and unstable such as luck
