HESI ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL
400 COMPREHENSIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above.
Answer: b. gums
◉ Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly.
Answer: d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
◉ Which of the following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
,c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women.
Answer: c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
◉ An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased
availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal.
Answer: b. Acclimatization
◉ What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted
medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic.
Answer: d. Iatrogenic
◉ Which term is used for the first two months of life?
a. Infancy
,b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal.
Answer: d. Neonatal
◉ Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign.
Answer: d. Sign
◉ Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate.
Answer: c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
◉ Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume
regulation
, b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity.
Answer: b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease
in pain perception
◉ By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis
and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion.
Answer: d. They cross by diffusion
◉ Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of
anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer: a. Protein synthesis
400 COMPREHENSIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above.
Answer: b. gums
◉ Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly.
Answer: d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
◉ Which of the following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
,c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women.
Answer: c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
◉ An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased
availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal.
Answer: b. Acclimatization
◉ What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted
medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic.
Answer: d. Iatrogenic
◉ Which term is used for the first two months of life?
a. Infancy
,b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal.
Answer: d. Neonatal
◉ Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign.
Answer: d. Sign
◉ Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate.
Answer: c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
◉ Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume
regulation
, b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity.
Answer: b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease
in pain perception
◉ By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis
and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion.
Answer: d. They cross by diffusion
◉ Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of
anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer: a. Protein synthesis
