1. Further assessment findings suggest the patient has heart failure. What etiology
causes this client's 3+ pitting edema?
Decreased tissue oncotic pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. An elderly patient is being admitted to the hospital for severe dehydration. What do
you suspect led to this condition?
Early-onset Alzheimer disease
Increased salt intake
Early-onset dementia
Decreased thirst sensation
3. The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of COPD. The patient's ABGS lab
values are as follows: pH is 7.21, PaCO2 is 50, and the HCO3 is 30. What is the
patient experiencing?
, Respiratory Alkalosis uncompensated
Respiratory Acidosis compensated
Metabolic Acidosis compensated
Respiratory Acidosis partially compensated
4. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 163 mEq/L and elevated
hematocrit. They are experiencing headache, thirst, dry skin/mucous membranes,
fever, weight gain, and dark urine. Additionally, there are signs of mental confusion
and lethargy. What do you suspect this patient is suffering from?
Hypotonic Alterations Hypernatremia
Hypotonic Alterations Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Alterations Hypernatremia
Hypertonic Alterations Hyponatremia
5. If the patient's potassium level were to rise to 7.0 mEq/L, what potential cardiac
complication could arise from this condition?
First-degree AV block
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Bradycardia
6. What is the primary buffer system that responds to changes in pH during acidosis?
, Renal generation of new bicarbonate
Ammonia buffer in the renal tubules
Bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system
Phosphate buffer system in the kidneys
7. All of the following options are correct about Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
except?
If both parents are affected, all of their children will be affected
If one parent is affected and the other is not a carrier, all of their offspring will
be unaffected but will be carriers
If one parent is affected and the other is a carrier, each of the offspring will
have a 1/2 chance of being affected
If both parents are unaffected but are carriers for the trait, each offspring has a
1/4 chance of being affected (25%)
If both parents are heterozygous affected, the children have a 75% chance of
being affected
8. You are transporting a 44-year-old male patient who was stung multiple times by
fire ants. Which of these statements made by the patient should concern you most?
"I took some Motrin this morning for a headache."
"My hand seems to be more swollen now."
"The bites are really beginning to hurt more."
"I am beginning to feel itchy all over and I'm developing hives."
9. What is the primary effect of ACE inhibitors on blood pressure?
, They increase blood pressure by promoting the conversion of
Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
They have no effect on blood pressure
They decrease blood pressure by preventing the conversion of
Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
They increase blood pressure by preventing the conversion of Angiotensin I
into Angiotensin II
10. In a clinical scenario where a patient presents with a high fever due to an infection,
what would be the most appropriate nursing intervention involving antipyrogenic
medication?
Administer antipyrogenic medication to reduce the patient's fever.
Increase the patient's fluid intake to manage dehydration.
Apply cold compresses to the patient's forehead only.
Monitor the patient's blood pressure for hypotension.
11. A nurse is reviewing the lab report of a client who has CKD. The nurse finds the
following labs: potassium 6.8 mEq/L, calcium 7.4 mg/dl, hemoglobin 10.2 g/dl,
phosphate 4.8 mg/dl. Which finding is a priority for the nurse to report to the
provider?
hypocalcemia
hyperkalemia
hypoalbuminemia anemia
12. In a clinical scenario, if the 68-year-old man with COPD is treated with
bronchodilators and his ABGs improve to pH: 7.38, PaCO₂: 48 mmHg, HCO₃⁻: 30
causes this client's 3+ pitting edema?
Decreased tissue oncotic pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. An elderly patient is being admitted to the hospital for severe dehydration. What do
you suspect led to this condition?
Early-onset Alzheimer disease
Increased salt intake
Early-onset dementia
Decreased thirst sensation
3. The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of COPD. The patient's ABGS lab
values are as follows: pH is 7.21, PaCO2 is 50, and the HCO3 is 30. What is the
patient experiencing?
, Respiratory Alkalosis uncompensated
Respiratory Acidosis compensated
Metabolic Acidosis compensated
Respiratory Acidosis partially compensated
4. A patient presents with a serum sodium level of 163 mEq/L and elevated
hematocrit. They are experiencing headache, thirst, dry skin/mucous membranes,
fever, weight gain, and dark urine. Additionally, there are signs of mental confusion
and lethargy. What do you suspect this patient is suffering from?
Hypotonic Alterations Hypernatremia
Hypotonic Alterations Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Alterations Hypernatremia
Hypertonic Alterations Hyponatremia
5. If the patient's potassium level were to rise to 7.0 mEq/L, what potential cardiac
complication could arise from this condition?
First-degree AV block
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Bradycardia
6. What is the primary buffer system that responds to changes in pH during acidosis?
, Renal generation of new bicarbonate
Ammonia buffer in the renal tubules
Bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system
Phosphate buffer system in the kidneys
7. All of the following options are correct about Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
except?
If both parents are affected, all of their children will be affected
If one parent is affected and the other is not a carrier, all of their offspring will
be unaffected but will be carriers
If one parent is affected and the other is a carrier, each of the offspring will
have a 1/2 chance of being affected
If both parents are unaffected but are carriers for the trait, each offspring has a
1/4 chance of being affected (25%)
If both parents are heterozygous affected, the children have a 75% chance of
being affected
8. You are transporting a 44-year-old male patient who was stung multiple times by
fire ants. Which of these statements made by the patient should concern you most?
"I took some Motrin this morning for a headache."
"My hand seems to be more swollen now."
"The bites are really beginning to hurt more."
"I am beginning to feel itchy all over and I'm developing hives."
9. What is the primary effect of ACE inhibitors on blood pressure?
, They increase blood pressure by promoting the conversion of
Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
They have no effect on blood pressure
They decrease blood pressure by preventing the conversion of
Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
They increase blood pressure by preventing the conversion of Angiotensin I
into Angiotensin II
10. In a clinical scenario where a patient presents with a high fever due to an infection,
what would be the most appropriate nursing intervention involving antipyrogenic
medication?
Administer antipyrogenic medication to reduce the patient's fever.
Increase the patient's fluid intake to manage dehydration.
Apply cold compresses to the patient's forehead only.
Monitor the patient's blood pressure for hypotension.
11. A nurse is reviewing the lab report of a client who has CKD. The nurse finds the
following labs: potassium 6.8 mEq/L, calcium 7.4 mg/dl, hemoglobin 10.2 g/dl,
phosphate 4.8 mg/dl. Which finding is a priority for the nurse to report to the
provider?
hypocalcemia
hyperkalemia
hypoalbuminemia anemia
12. In a clinical scenario, if the 68-year-old man with COPD is treated with
bronchodilators and his ABGs improve to pH: 7.38, PaCO₂: 48 mmHg, HCO₃⁻: 30
