NURS 611 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 | Questions
& Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded
A+
1. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
Cellular respiration
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Lipid synthesis
2. What is required for a trait to be expressed in autosomal dominant
inheritance?
A recessive gene
A specific environmental trigger
Two copies of the mutated gene
One copy of the mutated gene
3. In a clinical scenario where a patient presents with elevated lactic acid levels,
what immediate physiological condition should be monitored?
Hyperventilation
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Hypoglycemia
4. What is the sodium-potassium pump primarily responsible for in cellular
function?
, Facilitating passive diffusion
Transporting glucose
Synthesizing ATP
Maintaining the electrochemical gradient
5. A patient is experiencing severe dehydration. How would this condition
directly affect sodium concentration and water movement in their body?
Dehydration would not affect sodium concentration or water
movement.
Dehydration would cause sodium to move into the cells, causing them
to swell.
Dehydration would likely decrease sodium concentration in the ECF,
leading to water moving into cells.
Dehydration would likely increase sodium concentration in the ECF,
leading to water moving out of cells.
6. What is the primary role of mitochondria within cellular processes?
Synthesize proteins
Produce ATP
Regulate cell division
Store genetic information
7. What condition can result from the accumulation of lactic acid in the body?
Hyperkalemia
Respiratory alkalosis
Alkaline phosphatase
Metabolic acidosis
, 8. Explain how sodium's role in depolarization contributes to nerve and muscle
function.
Sodium efflux from cells causes hyperpolarization, preventing action
potentials.
Sodium influx into cells causes depolarization, which is essential for
initiating action potentials in nerve and muscle cells.
Sodium maintains the resting membrane potential, preventing
depolarization.
Sodium is not involved in depolarization, but rather in repolarization.
9. Describe the relationship between hypoxia and cellular injury.
Hypoxia causes cellular injury by increasing carbon dioxide levels.
Hypoxia leads to cellular injury due to the lack of oxygen necessary
for cellular metabolism.
Hypoxia has no effect on cellular injury.
Hypoxia prevents nutrient absorption in cells.
10. Describe the importance of ribosomes in the context of cellular function
and protein production.
Ribosomes transport ions across the cell membrane.
Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of cellular waste.
Ribosomes are essential for translating mRNA into proteins, which
are crucial for various cellular functions.
Ribosomes store genetic information for the cell.
11. How does the body compensate when metabolic alkalosis occurs?
Kidneys decrease bicarbonate excretion
& Answers | Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | Graded
A+
1. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
Cellular respiration
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Lipid synthesis
2. What is required for a trait to be expressed in autosomal dominant
inheritance?
A recessive gene
A specific environmental trigger
Two copies of the mutated gene
One copy of the mutated gene
3. In a clinical scenario where a patient presents with elevated lactic acid levels,
what immediate physiological condition should be monitored?
Hyperventilation
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Hypoglycemia
4. What is the sodium-potassium pump primarily responsible for in cellular
function?
, Facilitating passive diffusion
Transporting glucose
Synthesizing ATP
Maintaining the electrochemical gradient
5. A patient is experiencing severe dehydration. How would this condition
directly affect sodium concentration and water movement in their body?
Dehydration would not affect sodium concentration or water
movement.
Dehydration would cause sodium to move into the cells, causing them
to swell.
Dehydration would likely decrease sodium concentration in the ECF,
leading to water moving into cells.
Dehydration would likely increase sodium concentration in the ECF,
leading to water moving out of cells.
6. What is the primary role of mitochondria within cellular processes?
Synthesize proteins
Produce ATP
Regulate cell division
Store genetic information
7. What condition can result from the accumulation of lactic acid in the body?
Hyperkalemia
Respiratory alkalosis
Alkaline phosphatase
Metabolic acidosis
, 8. Explain how sodium's role in depolarization contributes to nerve and muscle
function.
Sodium efflux from cells causes hyperpolarization, preventing action
potentials.
Sodium influx into cells causes depolarization, which is essential for
initiating action potentials in nerve and muscle cells.
Sodium maintains the resting membrane potential, preventing
depolarization.
Sodium is not involved in depolarization, but rather in repolarization.
9. Describe the relationship between hypoxia and cellular injury.
Hypoxia causes cellular injury by increasing carbon dioxide levels.
Hypoxia leads to cellular injury due to the lack of oxygen necessary
for cellular metabolism.
Hypoxia has no effect on cellular injury.
Hypoxia prevents nutrient absorption in cells.
10. Describe the importance of ribosomes in the context of cellular function
and protein production.
Ribosomes transport ions across the cell membrane.
Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of cellular waste.
Ribosomes are essential for translating mRNA into proteins, which
are crucial for various cellular functions.
Ribosomes store genetic information for the cell.
11. How does the body compensate when metabolic alkalosis occurs?
Kidneys decrease bicarbonate excretion
