ABSITE Final Exam – Questions & Complete Solutions
Which nutrient is poorly absorbed in achlorhydria?
a.) Vitamin D
b.) Vitamin B12
c.) Bile salts
d.) Proteins
e.) Fats Right Ans - (b)
Vitamin B12
Hypophosphatemia has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) impaired diaphragmatic contractility
b.) treated diabetic ketoacidosis
c.) malabsorption coupled with carbohydrate refeeding
d.) chronic alcoholism
e.) respiratory muscle hyperresponsiveness Right Ans - (e)
It is seen in patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, and
severe malnutrition after carbohydrate refeeding. It can also be seen in
surgical patients who are not receiving enough phosphate repletion from
parenteral nutrition. Hypophosphatemia causes muscle weakness, and
probably affects the diaphragm more than other muscles, therefore leading to
respiratory failure. Studies have shown lower contractility of the diaphragm
Phosphorus deficiency may lead to insulin resistance as well
What is the main nutrient for colonocytes?
a.) Glutamine
b.) Alanine
c.) Short chain fatty acids
d.) Glucose Right Ans - (c)
Short chain fatty acids
(Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine)
,What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis?
a.) Doxorubicin
b.) Methotrexate
c.) Bleomycin
d.) Vincristine
e.) Cyclophosphamide Right Ans - (c)
What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening?
a.) PSA
b.) CEA
c.) AFP
d.) CA 19-9
e.) CA 15-3 Right Ans - (a)
All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis
What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?
a.) 4th arch
b.) 4th pouch
c.) 3rd arch
d.) 3rd pouch Right Ans - (d)
Derivatives of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the
thymus. The main nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior
parathyroids come from the 4th pouch
What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic
surgery
a.) Tension pneumothorax
b.) Inferior vena cava compression
c.) CO2 embolus
d.) Anesthetic overdose Right Ans - (c)
Increased levels of glutamine are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
,a.) decreased incidence of clinical infections in patients receiving bone
marrow transplantation
b.) vitro suppression of hepatoma growth
c.) alleviation of depletion of muscle glutamine stores
d.) decreased glutathione levels in tumor cells during radiation therapy or
chemotherapy
e.) increased tumor growth in patients with advanced malignant disease
Right Ans - (e)
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, can be trapped by a
growing tumor, depleting the body's glutamine stores and producing cachexia.
A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial demonstrated that patients
undergoing bone marrow transplantation had significantly decreased clinical
infections when they received supplemental glutamine. Glutamine also
reduced the glutathione levels in tumor cells of patients undergoing
chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The concern that administering
glutamine would promote tumor growth has proven unfounded.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of wound contraction?
a.) Aspirin
b.) d-penicillamine
c.) Colchicine
d.) Glucocorticoids Right Ans - (c)
In contrast to adults, fetal wound healing biochemistry is characterized by
which of the following?
a.) ↑ inflmmatory phase
b.) ↑ content of type III collagen
c.) ↑ level of transforming growth factor-B
d.) ↓ hyaluronic acid synthesis Right Ans - (a)
Death from postoperative renal failure is most commonly due to?
a.) Myocardial infarction
b.) Bleeding
c.) Sepsis
d.) Liver failure Right Ans - (c)
, In hyperacute rejection of a recently transplanted kidney, the event associated
with organ loss is:
a.) Direct antibody effect on interstitial stromal cells.
b.) Ischemia.
c.) Antigen antibody complexes obstructing the proximal convoluted tubule.
d.) Direct antibody effect on the glomerulus.
e.) Destruction of the Loop of Henle. Right Ans - (b)
Preformed anti-donor antibodies that then target the surface of vascular
endothelial cells and graft parenchymal cells. (occurs with minutes to hours
and treatment is removal of organ) Circulating complement is fixed in the
vascular compartment and the environment changes from anticoagulant to
procoagulant and vascular thrombosis occurs. Death of the organ is secondary
to ischemia.
Which of the following statements about fetal circulation are true?
a.) Approximately 25% of all blood volume is passed through the fetal lung;
the remainder is shunted into the left ventricle.
b.) The umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the
fetus.
c.) Failure of pulmonary vascular resistance to fall immediately following
birth will result in neonatal respiratory failure.
d.) The ductus arteriosus closes anatomically in the first hour of life. Right
Ans - (c)
With the first breath, the oxygen delivered to the neonatal lung stimulates a
fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. This results in a decrease, then
obliterated, right-to-left shunt through the foramen ovule and ductus
arteriosus.
Only 7% of blood is sent to the lungs in utero
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
a.) Is the most common thyroid cancer
b.) Is readily diagnosed with FNA
c.) Spreds via the hematogenous route
Which nutrient is poorly absorbed in achlorhydria?
a.) Vitamin D
b.) Vitamin B12
c.) Bile salts
d.) Proteins
e.) Fats Right Ans - (b)
Vitamin B12
Hypophosphatemia has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) impaired diaphragmatic contractility
b.) treated diabetic ketoacidosis
c.) malabsorption coupled with carbohydrate refeeding
d.) chronic alcoholism
e.) respiratory muscle hyperresponsiveness Right Ans - (e)
It is seen in patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, and
severe malnutrition after carbohydrate refeeding. It can also be seen in
surgical patients who are not receiving enough phosphate repletion from
parenteral nutrition. Hypophosphatemia causes muscle weakness, and
probably affects the diaphragm more than other muscles, therefore leading to
respiratory failure. Studies have shown lower contractility of the diaphragm
Phosphorus deficiency may lead to insulin resistance as well
What is the main nutrient for colonocytes?
a.) Glutamine
b.) Alanine
c.) Short chain fatty acids
d.) Glucose Right Ans - (c)
Short chain fatty acids
(Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine)
,What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis?
a.) Doxorubicin
b.) Methotrexate
c.) Bleomycin
d.) Vincristine
e.) Cyclophosphamide Right Ans - (c)
What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening?
a.) PSA
b.) CEA
c.) AFP
d.) CA 19-9
e.) CA 15-3 Right Ans - (a)
All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis
What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?
a.) 4th arch
b.) 4th pouch
c.) 3rd arch
d.) 3rd pouch Right Ans - (d)
Derivatives of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the
thymus. The main nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior
parathyroids come from the 4th pouch
What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic
surgery
a.) Tension pneumothorax
b.) Inferior vena cava compression
c.) CO2 embolus
d.) Anesthetic overdose Right Ans - (c)
Increased levels of glutamine are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
,a.) decreased incidence of clinical infections in patients receiving bone
marrow transplantation
b.) vitro suppression of hepatoma growth
c.) alleviation of depletion of muscle glutamine stores
d.) decreased glutathione levels in tumor cells during radiation therapy or
chemotherapy
e.) increased tumor growth in patients with advanced malignant disease
Right Ans - (e)
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, can be trapped by a
growing tumor, depleting the body's glutamine stores and producing cachexia.
A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial demonstrated that patients
undergoing bone marrow transplantation had significantly decreased clinical
infections when they received supplemental glutamine. Glutamine also
reduced the glutathione levels in tumor cells of patients undergoing
chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The concern that administering
glutamine would promote tumor growth has proven unfounded.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of wound contraction?
a.) Aspirin
b.) d-penicillamine
c.) Colchicine
d.) Glucocorticoids Right Ans - (c)
In contrast to adults, fetal wound healing biochemistry is characterized by
which of the following?
a.) ↑ inflmmatory phase
b.) ↑ content of type III collagen
c.) ↑ level of transforming growth factor-B
d.) ↓ hyaluronic acid synthesis Right Ans - (a)
Death from postoperative renal failure is most commonly due to?
a.) Myocardial infarction
b.) Bleeding
c.) Sepsis
d.) Liver failure Right Ans - (c)
, In hyperacute rejection of a recently transplanted kidney, the event associated
with organ loss is:
a.) Direct antibody effect on interstitial stromal cells.
b.) Ischemia.
c.) Antigen antibody complexes obstructing the proximal convoluted tubule.
d.) Direct antibody effect on the glomerulus.
e.) Destruction of the Loop of Henle. Right Ans - (b)
Preformed anti-donor antibodies that then target the surface of vascular
endothelial cells and graft parenchymal cells. (occurs with minutes to hours
and treatment is removal of organ) Circulating complement is fixed in the
vascular compartment and the environment changes from anticoagulant to
procoagulant and vascular thrombosis occurs. Death of the organ is secondary
to ischemia.
Which of the following statements about fetal circulation are true?
a.) Approximately 25% of all blood volume is passed through the fetal lung;
the remainder is shunted into the left ventricle.
b.) The umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the
fetus.
c.) Failure of pulmonary vascular resistance to fall immediately following
birth will result in neonatal respiratory failure.
d.) The ductus arteriosus closes anatomically in the first hour of life. Right
Ans - (c)
With the first breath, the oxygen delivered to the neonatal lung stimulates a
fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. This results in a decrease, then
obliterated, right-to-left shunt through the foramen ovule and ductus
arteriosus.
Only 7% of blood is sent to the lungs in utero
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
a.) Is the most common thyroid cancer
b.) Is readily diagnosed with FNA
c.) Spreds via the hematogenous route
