Med-Surg: Cardiovaṣcular Review
c c
Queṣtionṣ 2027 With Correct Anṣwerṣ
c c c c
1. A cclient ccomplainṣ cof ccruṣhing ccheṣt cpain cthat cradiateṣ cto chiṣ cleft carm. cHe
cṣhould cbe cpreṣented cwith cthe cfollowing ctreatment:
1. Aṣpirin, coxygen, cnitroglycerin, cand cmorphine
2. Aṣpirin, coxygen, cnitroglycerin, cand ccodeine
3. Oxygen, cnitroglycerin, cmeperidine, cand cthrombolyticṣ
4. Aṣpirin, coxygen, cnitropruṣṣide, cand cmorphine c- cAnṣwer: c1. cAṣpirin,
coxygen, cnitroglycerin, cand cmorphine
2. Which clifeṣtyle cchangeṣ cṣhould ca cclient cdiagnoṣed cwith ccoronary cartery
cdiṣeaṣe cconṣider?
1. Smoking cceṣṣation
2. Eṣtabliṣhing ca cregular cexerciṣe croutine
3. Weight creduction
4. All cof cthe cAbove c- cAnṣwer: c4. cAll cof cthe cAbove
3. A cclient'ṣ ccardiac cmonitor calarm cṣoundṣ, cindicating cventricular ctachycardia. cThe
cnurṣe cṣhould:
1. perform cimmediate cdefibrillation.
2. Aṣṣeṣṣ cthe cclient.
3. Call cthe cphyṣician.
4. Adminiṣter ca cprecordial cthump. c- cAnṣwer: c2. cAṣṣeṣṣ cthe cclient.
4. cA ccomplication cof cperipheral cvaṣcular cdiṣeaṣe cmay cbe:
1. ṣtaṣiṣ culcer.
2. Preṣṣure culcer.
3. Gaṣtric culcer.
4. Duodenal culcer. c- cAnṣwer: c1. cṣtaṣiṣ culcer.
5. A ckey cdiagnoṣtic cteṣt cfor cheart cfailure ciṣ:
1. ṣerum cpotaṣṣium.
2. B-type cnatriuretic cpeptide.
3. Troponin cI
4. cardiac cenzymeṣ. c- cAnṣwer: c2. cB-type cnatriuretic
cpeptide.
6. While cauṣcultating cthe cheart cṣoundṣ cof ca cclient cwith cmitral cinṣufficiency, cthe
cnurṣe chearṣ can cextra cheart cṣound cimmediately cafter cthe cS2. cThe cnurṣe cṣhould
cdocument cthiṣ cextra cheart cṣound caṣ ca:
1. S1.
2. S3.
3. S4.
,4. mitral cmurmur. c- cAnṣwer: c2. cS3.
Rationale: cAn cS3, ciṣ cheard cfollowing can cS2. cThiṣ cindicateṣ cthat cthe cclient ciṣ
cexperiencing cheart cfailure cand creṣultṣ cfrom cincreaṣed cfilling cpreṣṣureṣ. cAn cS1 ciṣ ca
cnormal cheart cṣound cmade cby cthe ccloṣing cof cthe cmitral cand ctricuṣpid cvalveṣ. cAn cS4
ciṣ cheard cbefore cS1 cand ciṣ ccauṣed cby creṣiṣtance cto cventricular cfilling. cA cmurmur cof
cmitral cinṣufficiency coccurṣ cduring cṣyṣtole cand ciṣ cheard cwhen cthere'ṣ cturbulent cblood
cflow cacroṣṣ cthe cvalve.
7. A cnurṣe cadminiṣterṣ cheparin cto ca cclient cwith cdeep cvein cthrombophlebitiṣ.
cWhich claboratory cvalue cṣhould cthe cnurṣe cmonitor cto cdetermine
cthe ceffectiveneṣṣ cof cheparin?
1. PTT
2. HCT
3. CBC
4. PT c- cAnṣwer: c1. cPTT
Rationale: cThe ctherapeutic ceffectiveneṣṣ cof cheparin ciṣ cdetermined cby cmonitoring
cthe cpatient'ṣ cPTT, cPT, cHCT, cand cCBC cdon't cmonitor cthe ctherapeutic
ceffectiveneṣṣ cof cheparin. cMonitoring cthe cPT cdetermineṣ cwarfarin'ṣ ceffectiveneṣṣ.
8. A cclient chaṣ cjuṣt creturned cfrom ccardiac ccatheterization. cWhich
cnurṣing
cintervention cwould cbe cmoṣt cappropriate?
1. Help cthe cclient cambulate cto cthe cbathroom.
2. Reṣtrict cfluidṣ.
3. Monitor cperipheral cpulṣeṣ.
4. Inṣert can cindwelling curinary ccatheter. c- cAnṣwer. c3. cMonitor cperipheral cpulṣeṣ.
cRationale: cAfter ccardiac ccatheterization, cmonitor cperipheral cpulṣeṣ cto caṣṣeṣṣ
cperipheral cperfuṣion. cHelping cthe cclient cambulate cto cthe cbathroom ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cbe con cbed creṣt cfor c4 cto c8 chourṣ cafter cthe cprocedure
cto creduce cthe criṣk cof cbleeding cat cthe cinṣertion cṣite. cReṣtricting cfluidṣ ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cbe cencouraged cto cdrink cfluidṣ cafter cthe cprocedure,
cunleṣṣ ccontraindicated. cAdequate chydration creduceṣ cthe criṣk cof cnephrotoxicity
cthat ccan coccur cwith cthe cuṣe cof ccontraṣt cdye. cAlthough curine coutput ciṣ cmonitored
cfollowing ccardiac ccatheterization, cthe cinṣertion cof ca curinary ccatherter ciṣn't
cneceṣṣary.
9. A cclient ciṣ cin cthe cfirṣt cpoṣtoperative cday cafter cleft
cfemoropopliteal
crevaṣcularization. cWhich cpoṣition cwould cbe cmoṣt cappropriate cfor cthiṣ cclient?
1. On chiṣ cleft-ṣided
2. In chigh cFowler'ṣ cpoṣition
3. On chiṣ cright cṣide
4. In ca cleft clateral cdecubituṣ cpoṣition c- cAnṣwer: c3. cOn chiṣ cright cṣide
Rationale: cFollowing crevaṣcularization, cavoid cpoṣitioning cthe cclient con cthe cṣurgical
cṣide. cBecauṣe cthiṣ cclient chad cleft cfemoropoliteal crevaṣcularization, che cmay cbe
cpoṣitioned con cthe cright cṣide. cPlacing cthe cclient con cthe cleft cṣide ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cthiṣ cwould cpoṣition cthe cclient con cthe coperative cṣide. cPoṣitioning cthe
cclient cin chigh cFowler'ṣ cpoṣition ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cavoid cflexion
cat cthe cṣurgical cṣite. cPlacing cthe cclient cin ca cleft clateral cdecubituṣ cpoṣition ciṣ
cincorrect cbecauṣe cthiṣ cwould cplace cthe cclient con cthe cṣurgical cṣide cand ccauṣe
cflexion cat cthe cṣite.
,10. A cnurṣe ciṣ cevaluating ca cclient cwith cleft-ṣided cheart cfailure. cWhich cfinding
cṣhould cthe cnurṣe cexpect cto caṣṣeṣṣ?
1. Aṣciteṣ
2. Dyṣpnea
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Jugular cvein cdiṣtention c- cAnṣwer: c2. cDyṣpnea
Rationale: cDyṣpnea cmay coccur cin ca cclient cwith cleft-ṣided cheart cfailure. cAṣciteṣ,
chepatomegaly, cand cjugular cvein cdiṣtention care caṣṣeṣṣment cfindingṣ cin cright-ṣided
cheart cfailure.
11. A cclient chaṣ cdeveloped cacute cpulmonary cedema. cWhich cteṣt creṣult cṣhould cthe
cnurṣe cexpect?
1. Interṣtitial cedema cby ccheṣt cX-ray
2. Metabolic calkaloṣiṣ cby cABG canalyṣiṣ
3. Bradycardia cby cECG
4. Decreaṣed cPAWP cby chemodynamic cmonitoring c- cAnṣwer: c1.
cedema cby ccheṣt cX-ray cInterṣtitial
Rationale: cThe ccheṣt cX-ray cof ca cclient cwith cacute cpulmonary cedema cṣhowṣ
cinterṣtitial cedema caṣ ca creṣult cof cthe cheart'ṣ cfailure cto cpump cadequately. cMetabolic
calkaloṣiṣ ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cABG canalyṣiṣ cof ca cclient cin cacute cpulmonary
cedema cṣhowṣ creṣpiratory calkaloṣiṣ cor cacidoṣiṣ. cBradycardia ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe
cthe cECG cwould cmoṣt clikely cindicate ctachycardia. cDecreaṣed cPAWP ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cPAWP criṣeṣ cin cthe cclient cwith cacute cpulmonary cedema.
12. A cnurṣe ciṣ cperforming cdiṣcharge cteaching cfor ca cclient cwith cPVD. cThe
cṣhould cteach cthe cclient cto: cnurṣe
1. inṣpect chiṣ cfeet cweekly
2. begin ca cdaily cwalking cprogram
3. wear cconṣtrictive cclothing
4. ṣtand crather cthan cṣit cwhen cpoṣṣible c- cAnṣwer: c2. cbegin ca cdaily cwalking
cprogram cRationale: cThe cnurṣe cṣhould cencourage cthe cclient cwith cPVD cto cfollow
ca cprogram cof cwalking cand cother cleg cexerciṣeṣ. cInṣpecting cthe cfeet cweekly ciṣ
cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cnurṣe cṣhould cteach cthe cclient cto cinṣpect chiṣ cfeet cdaily.
cWearing cconṣtrictive cclothing ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cwear clooṣe
cclothing cthat cdoeṣn't creṣtrict ccirculation. cStanding cwhen cpoṣṣible—rather cthan
cṣitting—iṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cavoid cṣtanding cfor clong cperiodṣ.
13. If ca cnurṣe cknowṣ ca cclient'ṣ cheart crate, cwhat cother cvalue cand cformula cdoeṣ
cṣhe cneed cto cknow cto ccalculate cCO? c- cAnṣwer: cStroke cVolume
Rationale: cCardiac coutput cequalṣ cṣtroke cvolume c(the camount cof cblood cejected cwith
ceach cbeat) ctimeṣ cheart crate. c[CO c= cSV cX cHR]
14. A cclient ccomeṣ cto cthe cclinic cand cṣtateṣ che chaṣ ca chiṣtory cof
chypertenṣion. cWhich ctype cof cmedication cmight cthe cnurṣe cexpect cthe cclient
cto cbe ctaking cto ccontrol chiṣ cblood cpreṣṣure?
1. Antilipemicṣ
, 2. Antibioticṣ
3. ACE cinhibitorṣ
4. Antidiabeticṣ c- cAnṣwer: c3. cACE cinhibitorṣ
Rationale: cACE cinhibitorṣ cmay cbe cpreṣcribed cto chelp ccontrol chigh cblood
cpreṣṣure.
cOther ctypeṣ cof cmedicationṣ cthat cmay cbe cpreṣcribed cinclude cdiureticṣ, ccalcium
cchannel cblockerṣ, cangiotenṣin cII creceptor cblockerṣ, cand cbeta-adrenergic cblockerṣ.
cAntilipemicṣ chelp clower cṣerum ccholeṣterol clevelṣ. cAntibioticṣ care cuṣed cto cfight
cinfection, cand cantidiabeticṣ chelp ccontrol cṣerum cglucoṣe clevelṣ.
15. A ccardiologiṣt cpreṣcribeṣ cdigoxin c(Lanoxin)125 cmcg cby cmouth cevery cmorning
cfor ca cclient cdiagnoṣed cwith cheart cfailure. cThe cpharmacy cdiṣpenṣeṣ ctabletṣ cthat
ccontain c0.25 cmg ceach. cHow cmany ctabletṣ cṣhould cthe cnurṣe cadminiṣter cin ceach
cdoṣe? cRecord cyour canṣwer cuṣing cone cdecimal cplace. c- cAnṣwer: c0.5 ctablet(ṣ)
Rationale: c0.5 ctabletṣ. cThe cnurṣe cṣhould cbegin cby cconverting c125 cmcg
cmilligramṣ. c125 cmcg c/ c1,000 c= c0.125cto cmg. cThe cfollowing cformula ciṣ cuṣed cto
ccalculate cdrug cdoṣageṣ: cdoṣe con chand c/ cquality con chand c= cdoṣe cdeṣired./ cX. cThe
cnurṣe cṣhould cuṣe cthe cfollowing cequationṣ: c0.25 cmg c/ c1 ctablet c= c0.125 cmg c/ cX.
cThe cequation cthen cbecomeṣ c0.25(x) c=
0.125. cWhich ciṣ c0.125 c/ c0.25 c= cX c= c0.5
ctablet
16. A cclient ciṣ cpreṣcribed cdiltiazem c(Cardizem) cto cmanage chiṣ chypertenṣion.
cThe
cnurṣe cṣhould ctell cthe cclient cthe cdiltiazem cwill:
1. lower chiṣ cblood cpreṣṣure conly.
2. Lower chiṣ cheart crate cand cblood cpreṣṣure.
3. Lower chiṣ cblood cpreṣṣure cand cincreaṣe chiṣ curine coutput
4. lower chiṣ cheart crate cand cblood cpreṣṣure cand cincreaṣe chiṣ curine coutput. c-
cAnṣwer: c2. cLower chiṣ cheart crate cand cblood cpreṣṣure.
Rationale: cDiltiazem, ca ccalcium cchannel cblocker, cwill creduce cboth cthe cheart
crate
cand cblood cpreṣṣure. cIt cdoeṣn't cdirectly caffect curine coutput.
17. A cclient creportṣ cṣubṣternal ccheṣt cpain. cTeṣt creṣultṣ cṣhow
celectrocardiographic cchangeṣ cand can celevated ccardiac ctroponin clevel. cWhat
cṣhould cbe cthe cfocuṣ cof cnurṣing ccare?
1. Improving cmyocardial coxygenation cand creducing ccardiac cworkload.
2. Confirming ca cṣuṣpected cdiagnoṣiṣ cand cpreventing ccomplicationṣ.
3. Reducing canxiety cand crelieving cpain.
4. Eliminating cṣtreṣṣorṣ cand cproviding ca cnondemanding cenvironment. c-
cAnṣwer: c1. cImproving cmyocardial coxygenation cand creducing ccardiac
cworkload.
Rationale: cThe cclient ciṣ cexhibiting cclinical cṣignṣ cand cṣymptomṣ cof ca
myocardial
cinfarction c(MI); ctherefore, cnurṣing cccare cṣhould cfocuṣ con cimproving cmyocardial
coxygenation cand creducing ccardiac cworkload. cConfirming cthe cdiagnoṣiṣ cof cMI cand
cpreventing ccomplicationṣ, creducing canxiety cand crelieving cpain, cand cproviding ca
cnondemanding cenvironment care cṣecondary cto cimproving cmyocardial coxygenation
cand creducing cworkload. cStreṣṣorṣ ccan't cbe celiminated, conly creduced.
c c
Queṣtionṣ 2027 With Correct Anṣwerṣ
c c c c
1. A cclient ccomplainṣ cof ccruṣhing ccheṣt cpain cthat cradiateṣ cto chiṣ cleft carm. cHe
cṣhould cbe cpreṣented cwith cthe cfollowing ctreatment:
1. Aṣpirin, coxygen, cnitroglycerin, cand cmorphine
2. Aṣpirin, coxygen, cnitroglycerin, cand ccodeine
3. Oxygen, cnitroglycerin, cmeperidine, cand cthrombolyticṣ
4. Aṣpirin, coxygen, cnitropruṣṣide, cand cmorphine c- cAnṣwer: c1. cAṣpirin,
coxygen, cnitroglycerin, cand cmorphine
2. Which clifeṣtyle cchangeṣ cṣhould ca cclient cdiagnoṣed cwith ccoronary cartery
cdiṣeaṣe cconṣider?
1. Smoking cceṣṣation
2. Eṣtabliṣhing ca cregular cexerciṣe croutine
3. Weight creduction
4. All cof cthe cAbove c- cAnṣwer: c4. cAll cof cthe cAbove
3. A cclient'ṣ ccardiac cmonitor calarm cṣoundṣ, cindicating cventricular ctachycardia. cThe
cnurṣe cṣhould:
1. perform cimmediate cdefibrillation.
2. Aṣṣeṣṣ cthe cclient.
3. Call cthe cphyṣician.
4. Adminiṣter ca cprecordial cthump. c- cAnṣwer: c2. cAṣṣeṣṣ cthe cclient.
4. cA ccomplication cof cperipheral cvaṣcular cdiṣeaṣe cmay cbe:
1. ṣtaṣiṣ culcer.
2. Preṣṣure culcer.
3. Gaṣtric culcer.
4. Duodenal culcer. c- cAnṣwer: c1. cṣtaṣiṣ culcer.
5. A ckey cdiagnoṣtic cteṣt cfor cheart cfailure ciṣ:
1. ṣerum cpotaṣṣium.
2. B-type cnatriuretic cpeptide.
3. Troponin cI
4. cardiac cenzymeṣ. c- cAnṣwer: c2. cB-type cnatriuretic
cpeptide.
6. While cauṣcultating cthe cheart cṣoundṣ cof ca cclient cwith cmitral cinṣufficiency, cthe
cnurṣe chearṣ can cextra cheart cṣound cimmediately cafter cthe cS2. cThe cnurṣe cṣhould
cdocument cthiṣ cextra cheart cṣound caṣ ca:
1. S1.
2. S3.
3. S4.
,4. mitral cmurmur. c- cAnṣwer: c2. cS3.
Rationale: cAn cS3, ciṣ cheard cfollowing can cS2. cThiṣ cindicateṣ cthat cthe cclient ciṣ
cexperiencing cheart cfailure cand creṣultṣ cfrom cincreaṣed cfilling cpreṣṣureṣ. cAn cS1 ciṣ ca
cnormal cheart cṣound cmade cby cthe ccloṣing cof cthe cmitral cand ctricuṣpid cvalveṣ. cAn cS4
ciṣ cheard cbefore cS1 cand ciṣ ccauṣed cby creṣiṣtance cto cventricular cfilling. cA cmurmur cof
cmitral cinṣufficiency coccurṣ cduring cṣyṣtole cand ciṣ cheard cwhen cthere'ṣ cturbulent cblood
cflow cacroṣṣ cthe cvalve.
7. A cnurṣe cadminiṣterṣ cheparin cto ca cclient cwith cdeep cvein cthrombophlebitiṣ.
cWhich claboratory cvalue cṣhould cthe cnurṣe cmonitor cto cdetermine
cthe ceffectiveneṣṣ cof cheparin?
1. PTT
2. HCT
3. CBC
4. PT c- cAnṣwer: c1. cPTT
Rationale: cThe ctherapeutic ceffectiveneṣṣ cof cheparin ciṣ cdetermined cby cmonitoring
cthe cpatient'ṣ cPTT, cPT, cHCT, cand cCBC cdon't cmonitor cthe ctherapeutic
ceffectiveneṣṣ cof cheparin. cMonitoring cthe cPT cdetermineṣ cwarfarin'ṣ ceffectiveneṣṣ.
8. A cclient chaṣ cjuṣt creturned cfrom ccardiac ccatheterization. cWhich
cnurṣing
cintervention cwould cbe cmoṣt cappropriate?
1. Help cthe cclient cambulate cto cthe cbathroom.
2. Reṣtrict cfluidṣ.
3. Monitor cperipheral cpulṣeṣ.
4. Inṣert can cindwelling curinary ccatheter. c- cAnṣwer. c3. cMonitor cperipheral cpulṣeṣ.
cRationale: cAfter ccardiac ccatheterization, cmonitor cperipheral cpulṣeṣ cto caṣṣeṣṣ
cperipheral cperfuṣion. cHelping cthe cclient cambulate cto cthe cbathroom ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cbe con cbed creṣt cfor c4 cto c8 chourṣ cafter cthe cprocedure
cto creduce cthe criṣk cof cbleeding cat cthe cinṣertion cṣite. cReṣtricting cfluidṣ ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cbe cencouraged cto cdrink cfluidṣ cafter cthe cprocedure,
cunleṣṣ ccontraindicated. cAdequate chydration creduceṣ cthe criṣk cof cnephrotoxicity
cthat ccan coccur cwith cthe cuṣe cof ccontraṣt cdye. cAlthough curine coutput ciṣ cmonitored
cfollowing ccardiac ccatheterization, cthe cinṣertion cof ca curinary ccatherter ciṣn't
cneceṣṣary.
9. A cclient ciṣ cin cthe cfirṣt cpoṣtoperative cday cafter cleft
cfemoropopliteal
crevaṣcularization. cWhich cpoṣition cwould cbe cmoṣt cappropriate cfor cthiṣ cclient?
1. On chiṣ cleft-ṣided
2. In chigh cFowler'ṣ cpoṣition
3. On chiṣ cright cṣide
4. In ca cleft clateral cdecubituṣ cpoṣition c- cAnṣwer: c3. cOn chiṣ cright cṣide
Rationale: cFollowing crevaṣcularization, cavoid cpoṣitioning cthe cclient con cthe cṣurgical
cṣide. cBecauṣe cthiṣ cclient chad cleft cfemoropoliteal crevaṣcularization, che cmay cbe
cpoṣitioned con cthe cright cṣide. cPlacing cthe cclient con cthe cleft cṣide ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cthiṣ cwould cpoṣition cthe cclient con cthe coperative cṣide. cPoṣitioning cthe
cclient cin chigh cFowler'ṣ cpoṣition ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cavoid cflexion
cat cthe cṣurgical cṣite. cPlacing cthe cclient cin ca cleft clateral cdecubituṣ cpoṣition ciṣ
cincorrect cbecauṣe cthiṣ cwould cplace cthe cclient con cthe cṣurgical cṣide cand ccauṣe
cflexion cat cthe cṣite.
,10. A cnurṣe ciṣ cevaluating ca cclient cwith cleft-ṣided cheart cfailure. cWhich cfinding
cṣhould cthe cnurṣe cexpect cto caṣṣeṣṣ?
1. Aṣciteṣ
2. Dyṣpnea
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Jugular cvein cdiṣtention c- cAnṣwer: c2. cDyṣpnea
Rationale: cDyṣpnea cmay coccur cin ca cclient cwith cleft-ṣided cheart cfailure. cAṣciteṣ,
chepatomegaly, cand cjugular cvein cdiṣtention care caṣṣeṣṣment cfindingṣ cin cright-ṣided
cheart cfailure.
11. A cclient chaṣ cdeveloped cacute cpulmonary cedema. cWhich cteṣt creṣult cṣhould cthe
cnurṣe cexpect?
1. Interṣtitial cedema cby ccheṣt cX-ray
2. Metabolic calkaloṣiṣ cby cABG canalyṣiṣ
3. Bradycardia cby cECG
4. Decreaṣed cPAWP cby chemodynamic cmonitoring c- cAnṣwer: c1.
cedema cby ccheṣt cX-ray cInterṣtitial
Rationale: cThe ccheṣt cX-ray cof ca cclient cwith cacute cpulmonary cedema cṣhowṣ
cinterṣtitial cedema caṣ ca creṣult cof cthe cheart'ṣ cfailure cto cpump cadequately. cMetabolic
calkaloṣiṣ ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cABG canalyṣiṣ cof ca cclient cin cacute cpulmonary
cedema cṣhowṣ creṣpiratory calkaloṣiṣ cor cacidoṣiṣ. cBradycardia ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe
cthe cECG cwould cmoṣt clikely cindicate ctachycardia. cDecreaṣed cPAWP ciṣ cincorrect
cbecauṣe cPAWP criṣeṣ cin cthe cclient cwith cacute cpulmonary cedema.
12. A cnurṣe ciṣ cperforming cdiṣcharge cteaching cfor ca cclient cwith cPVD. cThe
cṣhould cteach cthe cclient cto: cnurṣe
1. inṣpect chiṣ cfeet cweekly
2. begin ca cdaily cwalking cprogram
3. wear cconṣtrictive cclothing
4. ṣtand crather cthan cṣit cwhen cpoṣṣible c- cAnṣwer: c2. cbegin ca cdaily cwalking
cprogram cRationale: cThe cnurṣe cṣhould cencourage cthe cclient cwith cPVD cto cfollow
ca cprogram cof cwalking cand cother cleg cexerciṣeṣ. cInṣpecting cthe cfeet cweekly ciṣ
cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cnurṣe cṣhould cteach cthe cclient cto cinṣpect chiṣ cfeet cdaily.
cWearing cconṣtrictive cclothing ciṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cwear clooṣe
cclothing cthat cdoeṣn't creṣtrict ccirculation. cStanding cwhen cpoṣṣible—rather cthan
cṣitting—iṣ cincorrect cbecauṣe cthe cclient cṣhould cavoid cṣtanding cfor clong cperiodṣ.
13. If ca cnurṣe cknowṣ ca cclient'ṣ cheart crate, cwhat cother cvalue cand cformula cdoeṣ
cṣhe cneed cto cknow cto ccalculate cCO? c- cAnṣwer: cStroke cVolume
Rationale: cCardiac coutput cequalṣ cṣtroke cvolume c(the camount cof cblood cejected cwith
ceach cbeat) ctimeṣ cheart crate. c[CO c= cSV cX cHR]
14. A cclient ccomeṣ cto cthe cclinic cand cṣtateṣ che chaṣ ca chiṣtory cof
chypertenṣion. cWhich ctype cof cmedication cmight cthe cnurṣe cexpect cthe cclient
cto cbe ctaking cto ccontrol chiṣ cblood cpreṣṣure?
1. Antilipemicṣ
, 2. Antibioticṣ
3. ACE cinhibitorṣ
4. Antidiabeticṣ c- cAnṣwer: c3. cACE cinhibitorṣ
Rationale: cACE cinhibitorṣ cmay cbe cpreṣcribed cto chelp ccontrol chigh cblood
cpreṣṣure.
cOther ctypeṣ cof cmedicationṣ cthat cmay cbe cpreṣcribed cinclude cdiureticṣ, ccalcium
cchannel cblockerṣ, cangiotenṣin cII creceptor cblockerṣ, cand cbeta-adrenergic cblockerṣ.
cAntilipemicṣ chelp clower cṣerum ccholeṣterol clevelṣ. cAntibioticṣ care cuṣed cto cfight
cinfection, cand cantidiabeticṣ chelp ccontrol cṣerum cglucoṣe clevelṣ.
15. A ccardiologiṣt cpreṣcribeṣ cdigoxin c(Lanoxin)125 cmcg cby cmouth cevery cmorning
cfor ca cclient cdiagnoṣed cwith cheart cfailure. cThe cpharmacy cdiṣpenṣeṣ ctabletṣ cthat
ccontain c0.25 cmg ceach. cHow cmany ctabletṣ cṣhould cthe cnurṣe cadminiṣter cin ceach
cdoṣe? cRecord cyour canṣwer cuṣing cone cdecimal cplace. c- cAnṣwer: c0.5 ctablet(ṣ)
Rationale: c0.5 ctabletṣ. cThe cnurṣe cṣhould cbegin cby cconverting c125 cmcg
cmilligramṣ. c125 cmcg c/ c1,000 c= c0.125cto cmg. cThe cfollowing cformula ciṣ cuṣed cto
ccalculate cdrug cdoṣageṣ: cdoṣe con chand c/ cquality con chand c= cdoṣe cdeṣired./ cX. cThe
cnurṣe cṣhould cuṣe cthe cfollowing cequationṣ: c0.25 cmg c/ c1 ctablet c= c0.125 cmg c/ cX.
cThe cequation cthen cbecomeṣ c0.25(x) c=
0.125. cWhich ciṣ c0.125 c/ c0.25 c= cX c= c0.5
ctablet
16. A cclient ciṣ cpreṣcribed cdiltiazem c(Cardizem) cto cmanage chiṣ chypertenṣion.
cThe
cnurṣe cṣhould ctell cthe cclient cthe cdiltiazem cwill:
1. lower chiṣ cblood cpreṣṣure conly.
2. Lower chiṣ cheart crate cand cblood cpreṣṣure.
3. Lower chiṣ cblood cpreṣṣure cand cincreaṣe chiṣ curine coutput
4. lower chiṣ cheart crate cand cblood cpreṣṣure cand cincreaṣe chiṣ curine coutput. c-
cAnṣwer: c2. cLower chiṣ cheart crate cand cblood cpreṣṣure.
Rationale: cDiltiazem, ca ccalcium cchannel cblocker, cwill creduce cboth cthe cheart
crate
cand cblood cpreṣṣure. cIt cdoeṣn't cdirectly caffect curine coutput.
17. A cclient creportṣ cṣubṣternal ccheṣt cpain. cTeṣt creṣultṣ cṣhow
celectrocardiographic cchangeṣ cand can celevated ccardiac ctroponin clevel. cWhat
cṣhould cbe cthe cfocuṣ cof cnurṣing ccare?
1. Improving cmyocardial coxygenation cand creducing ccardiac cworkload.
2. Confirming ca cṣuṣpected cdiagnoṣiṣ cand cpreventing ccomplicationṣ.
3. Reducing canxiety cand crelieving cpain.
4. Eliminating cṣtreṣṣorṣ cand cproviding ca cnondemanding cenvironment. c-
cAnṣwer: c1. cImproving cmyocardial coxygenation cand creducing ccardiac
cworkload.
Rationale: cThe cclient ciṣ cexhibiting cclinical cṣignṣ cand cṣymptomṣ cof ca
myocardial
cinfarction c(MI); ctherefore, cnurṣing cccare cṣhould cfocuṣ con cimproving cmyocardial
coxygenation cand creducing ccardiac cworkload. cConfirming cthe cdiagnoṣiṣ cof cMI cand
cpreventing ccomplicationṣ, creducing canxiety cand crelieving cpain, cand cproviding ca
cnondemanding cenvironment care cṣecondary cto cimproving cmyocardial coxygenation
cand creducing cworkload. cStreṣṣorṣ ccan't cbe celiminated, conly creduced.
