Chemistry Study Guide, Practice
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Rationales
Included
, matter objects that take up space and have mass. made up of elements. physical thermal
electrical and chemical properties (color, density,hardness,conductivity)
elements substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means.
atoms&molecules everything in the physical world is make up of microscopic matter comprised of
atoms or molecules.
homogenous matter properties are the same throughout. coal and glass are examples
heterogenous matter properties may vary in their make-up. concrete and soil are examples.
atoms the tiniest unit an element retains its characteristic properties. building blocks. they
have protons, neutron, and electrons.
nucleus core of an atom. protons and neutrons are particles that are packed together here.
protrons positively charged
neutrons uncharged or neutral
electrons negatively charged particles that orbit outside of nucleus. in constant motion. small
compared to protons and neutrons.
neutral atom the number of electrons is equal to the number of protrons: the charges inside and
outside the nucleus are balanced.
isotopes atoms have same number of protons but differ in number of neutrons in the nucleus.
ion when an atom loses or gain one or more electrons on the outside so the nucleus is
not equal to the number of protons on the inside.
cation atoms loses one or more electrons it becomes positively charged.
anion atoms gain one or more electrons it becomes negatively charged.