Spanish CSET Subtest 1 Question and Answer
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | A+ Verified
• Phonolgy -✓✓ The branch of linguistics that deals with sytems of sounds.
• phonemes -✓✓ The smallest unit of sound;may cause change in meaning but does not
have meaning on its own
"bake" v. "brake"
/r/
• morphology -✓✓ The study of the forms of words
• morpheme -✓✓ The smallest meaningful unit of lanugage;
A series of pehnomes with special meaning;
• free morpheme -✓✓ can appear on its own i.e. "eat" "water"
• bound morpheme -✓✓ must be attached to something else in order to make sense
prefixes, suffixes or other affixes i.e s in "cats" , re in "redo" , able in "inbreakable"
• inflectional (affixes in morphology) -✓✓ a suffix that is added to a word to assign a
grammatical function;
never changes the grammtical category
old-older
(adj)
• derivational (morpheme) -✓✓ An affix that is added to a word to create a new word or
form of a word ;
modern - modernise
nation-national
• Lexicon -✓✓ the vocabulary of a language
• lexemes -✓✓ a set of words that would be included under one entry in the dctionary
• Syntax -✓✓ a set of rules for constructing full sentences out of words phrases;
word order changes meaning
• semantics -✓✓ the literal meaning of words, sentences and phrases
• pragmatics -✓✓ the study of the use of language; deals with intentions behing
utterances
, • productive rule of language -✓✓ the amount a native speaker uses a particular
grammatical or syntactical process esp in word formation; a rule that works for more
than 2 words; the limitless ability to use lanuage to say new things;
when we make new words we pply more productive rules i.e. adding -ed to word ending
• unniversal grammar -✓✓ a linguistic theory which argues that the ability to learn
language is innate, distinctly human and distinct from other aspects of human cognition;
that languge is hard wired into the brain
Noam Chomsky
• descriptive grammar -✓✓ a set of rules about language based on how it is actually
used; there is no right or wrong language; "he goes" means "he said"
represents the unconscious knowledge of language
• prescriptive grammar -✓✓ the structure of lanuage as it should be used; grammtically
correct
• surface v. deep structure -✓✓ refers to the different levels that information goes
through in language production.
• deep structure (language) -✓✓ the information that exists in the mind of the speaker as
more or less an abstract representation
• surface structure (laguage) -✓✓ expressing information linguistically by producing
sentences/utterances
• linguistic rules -✓✓ must be learned to get from deep structure to suface structure
language
• language development -✓✓ a process starting early in life, infants start without
language yet by 10 months they can distinguish speech sounds and engage in
babbling.
• receptive (in language dev) -✓✓ understanding what is said to you;comprehension
• expressive ( Lang Dev.) -✓✓ the ability to use vocabulary to put together senteces to
epress yourself
• classification of languages -✓✓ classified according to different features such as the
way they use sounds, types of morphology, and word order.
• family and branches -✓✓ group of languages related through descent from a common
ancestor, then further divided.
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | A+ Verified
• Phonolgy -✓✓ The branch of linguistics that deals with sytems of sounds.
• phonemes -✓✓ The smallest unit of sound;may cause change in meaning but does not
have meaning on its own
"bake" v. "brake"
/r/
• morphology -✓✓ The study of the forms of words
• morpheme -✓✓ The smallest meaningful unit of lanugage;
A series of pehnomes with special meaning;
• free morpheme -✓✓ can appear on its own i.e. "eat" "water"
• bound morpheme -✓✓ must be attached to something else in order to make sense
prefixes, suffixes or other affixes i.e s in "cats" , re in "redo" , able in "inbreakable"
• inflectional (affixes in morphology) -✓✓ a suffix that is added to a word to assign a
grammatical function;
never changes the grammtical category
old-older
(adj)
• derivational (morpheme) -✓✓ An affix that is added to a word to create a new word or
form of a word ;
modern - modernise
nation-national
• Lexicon -✓✓ the vocabulary of a language
• lexemes -✓✓ a set of words that would be included under one entry in the dctionary
• Syntax -✓✓ a set of rules for constructing full sentences out of words phrases;
word order changes meaning
• semantics -✓✓ the literal meaning of words, sentences and phrases
• pragmatics -✓✓ the study of the use of language; deals with intentions behing
utterances
, • productive rule of language -✓✓ the amount a native speaker uses a particular
grammatical or syntactical process esp in word formation; a rule that works for more
than 2 words; the limitless ability to use lanuage to say new things;
when we make new words we pply more productive rules i.e. adding -ed to word ending
• unniversal grammar -✓✓ a linguistic theory which argues that the ability to learn
language is innate, distinctly human and distinct from other aspects of human cognition;
that languge is hard wired into the brain
Noam Chomsky
• descriptive grammar -✓✓ a set of rules about language based on how it is actually
used; there is no right or wrong language; "he goes" means "he said"
represents the unconscious knowledge of language
• prescriptive grammar -✓✓ the structure of lanuage as it should be used; grammtically
correct
• surface v. deep structure -✓✓ refers to the different levels that information goes
through in language production.
• deep structure (language) -✓✓ the information that exists in the mind of the speaker as
more or less an abstract representation
• surface structure (laguage) -✓✓ expressing information linguistically by producing
sentences/utterances
• linguistic rules -✓✓ must be learned to get from deep structure to suface structure
language
• language development -✓✓ a process starting early in life, infants start without
language yet by 10 months they can distinguish speech sounds and engage in
babbling.
• receptive (in language dev) -✓✓ understanding what is said to you;comprehension
• expressive ( Lang Dev.) -✓✓ the ability to use vocabulary to put together senteces to
epress yourself
• classification of languages -✓✓ classified according to different features such as the
way they use sounds, types of morphology, and word order.
• family and branches -✓✓ group of languages related through descent from a common
ancestor, then further divided.
