17 August 2026
NR566 MIDTERM EXAM / 2026/2027 LATEST
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF
FAMILY 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS|AGRADE
Which non-amphetamines are FDA approved for weight loss that have lower abuse risk? -
correct answer-Phentermine and Diethylpropion
What is the MOA of Vancomycin? - correct answer-inhibits cell wall synthesis and, therefore,
promotes bacterial lysis and death
Is vancomycin active against gram + or - bacteria? - correct answer-gram +
Is renal dosing for vancomycin necessary? - correct answer--if patient has renal impairment,
dosage must be reduced -if patient has 50% increase in serum creatinine level, dosage should be
reduced
Vancomycin is the drug of choice for which infections? - correct answer-infections caused by
MRSA or S. epidermidis and severe C-diff
What is the definition of C-diff? - correct answer--the passage of three or more unformed stools
in 24 hours or less
-plus a positive stool test for C. diff. or its toxins
What is the MOA of Telvancin? - correct answer--inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
-binds to the bacterial cell membrane and disrupts membrane function
Is Telvancin active against Gram (-) or (+) bacteria? - correct answer-Gram + only (S. aureus,
streptococci groups, Enterococcus fecalis, IV use tx complicated skin infections
What are the most common Telvancin adverse effects? - correct answer-taste disturbance, nausea,
vomiting, and foamy urine
,17 August 2026
What reaction can occur if Vancomycin or Telvancin is infused too fast? - correct answer-"red man
syndrome," characterized by flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, and hypotension
We should take caution in patients taking drugs with Telvancin such as? - correct answer-caution in
patients taking other drugs that can damage the kidneys (e.g., NSAIDs, angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors, and aminoglycosides) and in patients taking drugs that prolong the QT interval
(e.g., clarithromycin and ketoconazole)
What class of antibiotics does Aztroenam belong to? - correct answer-Monobactams
What is the MOA of Aztroenam? - correct answer-inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and promotes
cell lysis and death
Is Azteoenam narrow or broad spectrum? - correct answer-narrow antimicrobial spectrum, being
active only against gram-negative aerobic bacteria
What is Fosomycin approved for? - correct answer-approved for single-dose therapy in women with
uncomplicated urinary tract infections
What are the common adverse effects of Fosomycin? - correct answer-diarrhea, headache, vaginitis,
and nausea, abdominal pain, rhinitis, drowsiness, dizziness, and rash
Is Tetracycline narrow or broad spectrum? - correct answer-broad-spectrum
Tetracycline is the first-line drug for what diseases? - correct answer-1. rickettsial diseases (e.g.,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Q fever)
2. infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum, urethritis,
cervicitis)
3. brucellosis
4. cholera
5. pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6. Lyme disease
7. anthrax
8. gastric infection with H. pylori.
,17 August 2026
9. acne
Tetracycline MOA - correct answer--bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
-bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and thereby inhibit binding of transfer RNA to the messenger
RNA-ribosome complex
What is doxycycline and minocycline used for? - correct answer-periodontal disease
What education for doxycycline and minocycline should we give our patients? - correct answer-
Avoid calcium/iron supplements, antacids, magnesium/milk products as will chelate drug into
nonabsorbable form
Adverse effects:
-irritate GI tract
-discolor teeth (avoid <8yrs old)
-superinfection
-hepatic/renal toxicity
-sunburn easily
-diarrhea may indicate a potentially life-threatening -superinfection of the bowel
-high-dose intravenous therapy has been associated with -severe liver damage
Should tetracycline be renal dosed? - correct answer-patients with kidney disease should not use
these drugs
What medication when administered with tetracycline need close blood level monitoring - correct
answer--can increase digoxin levels through increasing absorption in the GI tract
-increase international normalized ratio (INR) levels by altering the vitamin K−producing flora in the
gut
-patients on digoxin or warfarin should undergo careful drug level monitoring
What are names of medications under Macrolids class? - correct answer-azithromycin and
clarithromycin—are derivatives of erythromycin
, 17 August 2026
Erythromycin MOA - correct answer-binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and thereby blocks the
addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain
Which CYP450 enzyme is erythromycin metabolized by? - correct answer-eliminated primarily by
hepatic mechanisms, including metabolism by CYP3A4
What is the most serious potential adverse effect of erythromycin? - correct answer-sudden cardiac
death from QT prolongation
Due to the inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes, which drugs have the
potential for elevated blood levels when taken with erythromycin? - correct answer--theophylline
and warfarin
-shouldn't be combined with verapamil, diltiazem, HIV protease inhibitors, and azole antifungal
drugs
What can clindamycin promote that can be fatal? - correct answer-severe C-diff, a condition that can
be fatal
Clindamycin MOA - correct answer-binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and thereby
inhibits protein synthesis
Clindamycin can be used as an alternative to what? - correct answer-penicillin
What do we need to be aware of in our female patients of child bearing age with clindamycin? -
correct answer-may decrease oral contraceptive activity
Clindamycin is the drug of choice for what infections? - correct answer--severe group A streptococcal
infection
-gas gangrene
Linzeolidis active against what multi-drug resistant gram positive pathogens? - correct answer-
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
NR566 MIDTERM EXAM / 2026/2027 LATEST
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF
FAMILY 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS|AGRADE
Which non-amphetamines are FDA approved for weight loss that have lower abuse risk? -
correct answer-Phentermine and Diethylpropion
What is the MOA of Vancomycin? - correct answer-inhibits cell wall synthesis and, therefore,
promotes bacterial lysis and death
Is vancomycin active against gram + or - bacteria? - correct answer-gram +
Is renal dosing for vancomycin necessary? - correct answer--if patient has renal impairment,
dosage must be reduced -if patient has 50% increase in serum creatinine level, dosage should be
reduced
Vancomycin is the drug of choice for which infections? - correct answer-infections caused by
MRSA or S. epidermidis and severe C-diff
What is the definition of C-diff? - correct answer--the passage of three or more unformed stools
in 24 hours or less
-plus a positive stool test for C. diff. or its toxins
What is the MOA of Telvancin? - correct answer--inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
-binds to the bacterial cell membrane and disrupts membrane function
Is Telvancin active against Gram (-) or (+) bacteria? - correct answer-Gram + only (S. aureus,
streptococci groups, Enterococcus fecalis, IV use tx complicated skin infections
What are the most common Telvancin adverse effects? - correct answer-taste disturbance, nausea,
vomiting, and foamy urine
,17 August 2026
What reaction can occur if Vancomycin or Telvancin is infused too fast? - correct answer-"red man
syndrome," characterized by flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, and hypotension
We should take caution in patients taking drugs with Telvancin such as? - correct answer-caution in
patients taking other drugs that can damage the kidneys (e.g., NSAIDs, angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors, and aminoglycosides) and in patients taking drugs that prolong the QT interval
(e.g., clarithromycin and ketoconazole)
What class of antibiotics does Aztroenam belong to? - correct answer-Monobactams
What is the MOA of Aztroenam? - correct answer-inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and promotes
cell lysis and death
Is Azteoenam narrow or broad spectrum? - correct answer-narrow antimicrobial spectrum, being
active only against gram-negative aerobic bacteria
What is Fosomycin approved for? - correct answer-approved for single-dose therapy in women with
uncomplicated urinary tract infections
What are the common adverse effects of Fosomycin? - correct answer-diarrhea, headache, vaginitis,
and nausea, abdominal pain, rhinitis, drowsiness, dizziness, and rash
Is Tetracycline narrow or broad spectrum? - correct answer-broad-spectrum
Tetracycline is the first-line drug for what diseases? - correct answer-1. rickettsial diseases (e.g.,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Q fever)
2. infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum, urethritis,
cervicitis)
3. brucellosis
4. cholera
5. pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6. Lyme disease
7. anthrax
8. gastric infection with H. pylori.
,17 August 2026
9. acne
Tetracycline MOA - correct answer--bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
-bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and thereby inhibit binding of transfer RNA to the messenger
RNA-ribosome complex
What is doxycycline and minocycline used for? - correct answer-periodontal disease
What education for doxycycline and minocycline should we give our patients? - correct answer-
Avoid calcium/iron supplements, antacids, magnesium/milk products as will chelate drug into
nonabsorbable form
Adverse effects:
-irritate GI tract
-discolor teeth (avoid <8yrs old)
-superinfection
-hepatic/renal toxicity
-sunburn easily
-diarrhea may indicate a potentially life-threatening -superinfection of the bowel
-high-dose intravenous therapy has been associated with -severe liver damage
Should tetracycline be renal dosed? - correct answer-patients with kidney disease should not use
these drugs
What medication when administered with tetracycline need close blood level monitoring - correct
answer--can increase digoxin levels through increasing absorption in the GI tract
-increase international normalized ratio (INR) levels by altering the vitamin K−producing flora in the
gut
-patients on digoxin or warfarin should undergo careful drug level monitoring
What are names of medications under Macrolids class? - correct answer-azithromycin and
clarithromycin—are derivatives of erythromycin
, 17 August 2026
Erythromycin MOA - correct answer-binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and thereby blocks the
addition of new amino acids to the growing peptide chain
Which CYP450 enzyme is erythromycin metabolized by? - correct answer-eliminated primarily by
hepatic mechanisms, including metabolism by CYP3A4
What is the most serious potential adverse effect of erythromycin? - correct answer-sudden cardiac
death from QT prolongation
Due to the inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes, which drugs have the
potential for elevated blood levels when taken with erythromycin? - correct answer--theophylline
and warfarin
-shouldn't be combined with verapamil, diltiazem, HIV protease inhibitors, and azole antifungal
drugs
What can clindamycin promote that can be fatal? - correct answer-severe C-diff, a condition that can
be fatal
Clindamycin MOA - correct answer-binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and thereby
inhibits protein synthesis
Clindamycin can be used as an alternative to what? - correct answer-penicillin
What do we need to be aware of in our female patients of child bearing age with clindamycin? -
correct answer-may decrease oral contraceptive activity
Clindamycin is the drug of choice for what infections? - correct answer--severe group A streptococcal
infection
-gas gangrene
Linzeolidis active against what multi-drug resistant gram positive pathogens? - correct answer-
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
