COUNSELOR 235 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Transformational Leadership.
Answer: Engaging in collaborative problem-solving with stakeholders to
identify and implement programs that support a positive learning
environment for all students
◍ Effective advocacy strategies for addressing the underrepresentation of
some subgroups of students in high level courses?.
Answer: Identifying institutional and social barriers that may be impeding
student's equitable access to challenging coursework
◍ Activity that would best enable a school counselor to advocate for an
appropriate school counselor identity?.
Answer: Participating in the development of an annual agreement with the
principal
◍ Humanistic theories of personality development are based primarily on
which of the following assumptions?
A. All humans are unique and motivated to achieve self-actualization
B. Human personality emerges as a result of reinforcement of
stimulus-response behavior
C. All human thought and behavior is determined by unconscious instinctive
forces
D. Human personality is generally predetermined by a range of biological
factors.
Answer: A. All humans are unique and motivated to achieve
self-actualization
,◍ Compared with counseling approaches used with adolescents, counseling
approaches used with young children are more likely to feature:
A. Consideration of potential consequences of specific behaviors in various
settings
B. Techniques for replacing negative thoughts with positive self-talk
C. Opportunities for open-ended expression that allow for utilization of
symbolic language
D. Development of action plans for addressing specific challenges.
Answer: C. Opportunities for open-ended expression that allow for
utilization of symbolic language
◍ School counselors who emphasize the use of restorative practices to address
conflict should focus on?.
Answer: Repairing relationships
◍ The Construct-Based Approach was developed to achieve?.
Answer: Establishing a stronger connection between school counseling
programs and practices, student outcomes and research
◍ A second-grade student has a sibling who has recently been diagnosed with
a chronic illness. The illness will require the sibling to be hospitalized
several times for treatment and receive extended home health care following
each hospitalization. The situation is most likely to have which of the
following initial effect on the student?
A. Decreasing interactions with family members
B. Increasing feelings of stress and isolation
C. Decreasing participation in pleasurable past times
D. Increasing the desire to achieve at high levels.
Answer: B. Increasing feelings of stress and isolation
◍ Which of the following statements best describes the self-medication theory
of addictive behavior?
A. Addictive behaviors are linked to an innate deficiency in naturally
produced endorphins
B. Individuals are unable to stop addictive behaviors for any length of time
, without intervention
C. Addictive behaviors have have a genetic component that causes increased
sensitivity to various substances
D. Individuals engage in addictive behaviors in an attempt to manage
negative or distressing affective states.
Answer: D. Individuals engage in addictive behaviors in an attempt to
manage negative or distressing affective states
◍ Recent trend in school counseling?.
Answer: Using restorative practices with students to solve problems and
resolve conflicts
◍ Three students in a sixth-grade social studies class consistently have
difficulty with complex topics. The students have the most difficulty with
open-ended assignments that require critical thinking. In planning an
appropriate intervention for these students, the counselor should initially
work with the teacher to:
A. Modify academic standards to ensure that the students experience success
in their learning
B. Identify peers who can provide support to the students when they are
struggling
C. Develop concrete supports such as graphic organizers to facilitate the
students' understanding
D. Implement second-chance, simplified tasks for the students to
demonstrate mastery.
Answer: C. Develop concrete supports such as graphic organizers to
facilitate the students' understanding
◍ In the process of developing goals for a school counseling program school
counselors should?.
Answer: Examine the school data to identify gaps
◍ Elementary school counselors are developing curricula and activities related
to student mental health that can be implemented districtwide. Which of the
following issues is most important to address in this effort?
, A. Choosing a career path that aligns with interests and abilities
B. Learning and practicing time-management strategies
C. Using various tools to self-monitor academic progress
D. Recognizing and expressing emotions in a productive way.
Answer: D. Recognizing and expressing emotions in a productive way
◍ Which of the following statements describes an underlying principle of
constructivist learning theory?
A. Students use selective processing to gain knowledge by focusing
attention on information that is highly relevant and necessary
B. Students create their own understanding and knowledge of the world by
experiencing things and reflecting on those experience
C. Students perceive the world according to preferred modalities and acquire
knowledge and skills primarily through those modalities
D. Students gain knowledge and skills by observing and modeling the
actions of individuals who are more experienced.
Answer: B. Students create their own understanding and knowledge of the
world by experiencing things and reflecting on those experience
◍ Which of the following standards related to academic development would
be mostly appropriately addressed beginning in early elementary school?
A. Understand how academic achievement enhances future career
opportunities
B. Implement a plan of study to maximize achievement
C. Use knowledge of learning styles to positively influence school
performance
D. Know when and how to ask for help when needed.
Answer: D. Know when and how to ask for help when needed
◍ Incorporating which of the following elements into the middle school
curriculum is most likely to reduce the number of students who drop out of
school?
A. Interdisciplinary approaches to instruction
B. Frequent practice of high-stakes assessments
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Transformational Leadership.
Answer: Engaging in collaborative problem-solving with stakeholders to
identify and implement programs that support a positive learning
environment for all students
◍ Effective advocacy strategies for addressing the underrepresentation of
some subgroups of students in high level courses?.
Answer: Identifying institutional and social barriers that may be impeding
student's equitable access to challenging coursework
◍ Activity that would best enable a school counselor to advocate for an
appropriate school counselor identity?.
Answer: Participating in the development of an annual agreement with the
principal
◍ Humanistic theories of personality development are based primarily on
which of the following assumptions?
A. All humans are unique and motivated to achieve self-actualization
B. Human personality emerges as a result of reinforcement of
stimulus-response behavior
C. All human thought and behavior is determined by unconscious instinctive
forces
D. Human personality is generally predetermined by a range of biological
factors.
Answer: A. All humans are unique and motivated to achieve
self-actualization
,◍ Compared with counseling approaches used with adolescents, counseling
approaches used with young children are more likely to feature:
A. Consideration of potential consequences of specific behaviors in various
settings
B. Techniques for replacing negative thoughts with positive self-talk
C. Opportunities for open-ended expression that allow for utilization of
symbolic language
D. Development of action plans for addressing specific challenges.
Answer: C. Opportunities for open-ended expression that allow for
utilization of symbolic language
◍ School counselors who emphasize the use of restorative practices to address
conflict should focus on?.
Answer: Repairing relationships
◍ The Construct-Based Approach was developed to achieve?.
Answer: Establishing a stronger connection between school counseling
programs and practices, student outcomes and research
◍ A second-grade student has a sibling who has recently been diagnosed with
a chronic illness. The illness will require the sibling to be hospitalized
several times for treatment and receive extended home health care following
each hospitalization. The situation is most likely to have which of the
following initial effect on the student?
A. Decreasing interactions with family members
B. Increasing feelings of stress and isolation
C. Decreasing participation in pleasurable past times
D. Increasing the desire to achieve at high levels.
Answer: B. Increasing feelings of stress and isolation
◍ Which of the following statements best describes the self-medication theory
of addictive behavior?
A. Addictive behaviors are linked to an innate deficiency in naturally
produced endorphins
B. Individuals are unable to stop addictive behaviors for any length of time
, without intervention
C. Addictive behaviors have have a genetic component that causes increased
sensitivity to various substances
D. Individuals engage in addictive behaviors in an attempt to manage
negative or distressing affective states.
Answer: D. Individuals engage in addictive behaviors in an attempt to
manage negative or distressing affective states
◍ Recent trend in school counseling?.
Answer: Using restorative practices with students to solve problems and
resolve conflicts
◍ Three students in a sixth-grade social studies class consistently have
difficulty with complex topics. The students have the most difficulty with
open-ended assignments that require critical thinking. In planning an
appropriate intervention for these students, the counselor should initially
work with the teacher to:
A. Modify academic standards to ensure that the students experience success
in their learning
B. Identify peers who can provide support to the students when they are
struggling
C. Develop concrete supports such as graphic organizers to facilitate the
students' understanding
D. Implement second-chance, simplified tasks for the students to
demonstrate mastery.
Answer: C. Develop concrete supports such as graphic organizers to
facilitate the students' understanding
◍ In the process of developing goals for a school counseling program school
counselors should?.
Answer: Examine the school data to identify gaps
◍ Elementary school counselors are developing curricula and activities related
to student mental health that can be implemented districtwide. Which of the
following issues is most important to address in this effort?
, A. Choosing a career path that aligns with interests and abilities
B. Learning and practicing time-management strategies
C. Using various tools to self-monitor academic progress
D. Recognizing and expressing emotions in a productive way.
Answer: D. Recognizing and expressing emotions in a productive way
◍ Which of the following statements describes an underlying principle of
constructivist learning theory?
A. Students use selective processing to gain knowledge by focusing
attention on information that is highly relevant and necessary
B. Students create their own understanding and knowledge of the world by
experiencing things and reflecting on those experience
C. Students perceive the world according to preferred modalities and acquire
knowledge and skills primarily through those modalities
D. Students gain knowledge and skills by observing and modeling the
actions of individuals who are more experienced.
Answer: B. Students create their own understanding and knowledge of the
world by experiencing things and reflecting on those experience
◍ Which of the following standards related to academic development would
be mostly appropriately addressed beginning in early elementary school?
A. Understand how academic achievement enhances future career
opportunities
B. Implement a plan of study to maximize achievement
C. Use knowledge of learning styles to positively influence school
performance
D. Know when and how to ask for help when needed.
Answer: D. Know when and how to ask for help when needed
◍ Incorporating which of the following elements into the middle school
curriculum is most likely to reduce the number of students who drop out of
school?
A. Interdisciplinary approaches to instruction
B. Frequent practice of high-stakes assessments
