BIO 31 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 – BIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
*Primary treatment of sewage is mainly: - ANS ✔✔Physical
*Secondary treatment of sewage is mainly: - ANS ✔✔biological
*Primary treatment removes: - ANS ✔✔25-35% of the BOD
*The products of secondary treatment are: - ANS ✔✔Carbon dioxide, water and flocculate
*The major gas(60-70%) that is produce in the anaerobic sludge digester is: - ANS ✔✔Methane
*The third line of defense in the body is: - ANS ✔✔The immune response (humora and cell mediated)
*The humoral immune system involves: - ANS ✔✔B cell and antibodies in the blood and lymph
The cell mediated immune system involves: - ANS ✔✔Specialized lymphocytes called T cells
*The class of immunoglobulins that can cross the placenta and is present in the greatest amount (80-
85%) is - ANS ✔✔IgG
*The class of immunoglobulins that is a pentamer and is first to appear in the response to an antigen is: -
ANS ✔✔IgM
The class of immunoglobulins that binds to mast cells and basophils which participate in hypersensitivity
reactions is: - ANS ✔✔IgE
To become immunocompetent, T-cell must pass through the: - ANS ✔✔Thymus
*Antibodies are structurally - ANS ✔✔proteins
The adaptive enzyme that contributes to a bacteria's invasiveness by lysing (rupturing) red blood cell is: -
ANS ✔✔Hemolysin
*stimulation of a B cell by an antigen results in : - ANS ✔✔A&B Plasma cells, Memory cells
*Effector T cell would induce which of the following - ANS ✔✔Helper t cells, supressor T-cells, cytotoxic T
cells
Which of the following are examples of antigen-antibody reactions: - ANS ✔✔Neutralization reactions,
precipitation reacations, agglutination reactions
D. all above
*Valley fever is treated using what: - ANS ✔✔Amphotericin-B
, *Malaria is/has been treated with - ANS ✔✔quinine and Chloroquinine
*antimicrobial drugs such as penicilliums and cephalosporins exert their antimicrobial effect by - ANS
✔✔inhibition of cell wall synthesis
*Inhibition of protein synthesis in prokaryotes by certain antimicrobial drugs depends on: - ANS
✔✔differenes in the structure of their ribosomes
an example of an anti-metabolite is - ANS ✔✔sulfa drugs
*A drug used to treat an internal gram positive infection is: - ANS ✔✔penicillin
*A topical drug that inhibits the cell wall synthesis of gram positive bacteria is: - ANS ✔✔Bacitracin
*An antiviral agent which may interfere with uncoating of viruses within the host cell is - ANS
✔✔amantadine
*The following disease are caused by bacteria which are gram positive coccil: - ANS ✔✔strep throat and
scarlet fever
Malaria is transmitted by: - ANS ✔✔mosquitoes
the tsetse fly is a vector for - ANS ✔✔African sleeping sickness
which of the following substances is not a true antibiotic and is an enzyme inhibitor - ANS
✔✔sulfonamide
*Which of the following disease is NOT caused by a gram positive rod? - ANS ✔✔Typhoid fever and
salmonella enteritidis
The dark line refers to - ANS ✔✔IgM antibody
The light line refers to - ANS ✔✔IgG antibody
*The peak, measuring approximately 1, 000 antibody units refers to : - ANS ✔✔IGg antibody , A secodary
response
E. B,C
The definitvie host in the malaria life cycle is: - ANS ✔✔the anopheles mosquito
*which of the following disease are NOT caused by bacteria - ANS ✔✔Giardiasis, Malaria
*Which of the following disease are caused by bacteria - ANS ✔✔tuberculosis , Gonorrhea
*Which of the following a disease are caused by viruses - ANS ✔✔hepatitis
*Which of the following disease are caused by viruses - ANS ✔✔Rabies, measles, influenza
EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
*Primary treatment of sewage is mainly: - ANS ✔✔Physical
*Secondary treatment of sewage is mainly: - ANS ✔✔biological
*Primary treatment removes: - ANS ✔✔25-35% of the BOD
*The products of secondary treatment are: - ANS ✔✔Carbon dioxide, water and flocculate
*The major gas(60-70%) that is produce in the anaerobic sludge digester is: - ANS ✔✔Methane
*The third line of defense in the body is: - ANS ✔✔The immune response (humora and cell mediated)
*The humoral immune system involves: - ANS ✔✔B cell and antibodies in the blood and lymph
The cell mediated immune system involves: - ANS ✔✔Specialized lymphocytes called T cells
*The class of immunoglobulins that can cross the placenta and is present in the greatest amount (80-
85%) is - ANS ✔✔IgG
*The class of immunoglobulins that is a pentamer and is first to appear in the response to an antigen is: -
ANS ✔✔IgM
The class of immunoglobulins that binds to mast cells and basophils which participate in hypersensitivity
reactions is: - ANS ✔✔IgE
To become immunocompetent, T-cell must pass through the: - ANS ✔✔Thymus
*Antibodies are structurally - ANS ✔✔proteins
The adaptive enzyme that contributes to a bacteria's invasiveness by lysing (rupturing) red blood cell is: -
ANS ✔✔Hemolysin
*stimulation of a B cell by an antigen results in : - ANS ✔✔A&B Plasma cells, Memory cells
*Effector T cell would induce which of the following - ANS ✔✔Helper t cells, supressor T-cells, cytotoxic T
cells
Which of the following are examples of antigen-antibody reactions: - ANS ✔✔Neutralization reactions,
precipitation reacations, agglutination reactions
D. all above
*Valley fever is treated using what: - ANS ✔✔Amphotericin-B
, *Malaria is/has been treated with - ANS ✔✔quinine and Chloroquinine
*antimicrobial drugs such as penicilliums and cephalosporins exert their antimicrobial effect by - ANS
✔✔inhibition of cell wall synthesis
*Inhibition of protein synthesis in prokaryotes by certain antimicrobial drugs depends on: - ANS
✔✔differenes in the structure of their ribosomes
an example of an anti-metabolite is - ANS ✔✔sulfa drugs
*A drug used to treat an internal gram positive infection is: - ANS ✔✔penicillin
*A topical drug that inhibits the cell wall synthesis of gram positive bacteria is: - ANS ✔✔Bacitracin
*An antiviral agent which may interfere with uncoating of viruses within the host cell is - ANS
✔✔amantadine
*The following disease are caused by bacteria which are gram positive coccil: - ANS ✔✔strep throat and
scarlet fever
Malaria is transmitted by: - ANS ✔✔mosquitoes
the tsetse fly is a vector for - ANS ✔✔African sleeping sickness
which of the following substances is not a true antibiotic and is an enzyme inhibitor - ANS
✔✔sulfonamide
*Which of the following disease is NOT caused by a gram positive rod? - ANS ✔✔Typhoid fever and
salmonella enteritidis
The dark line refers to - ANS ✔✔IgM antibody
The light line refers to - ANS ✔✔IgG antibody
*The peak, measuring approximately 1, 000 antibody units refers to : - ANS ✔✔IGg antibody , A secodary
response
E. B,C
The definitvie host in the malaria life cycle is: - ANS ✔✔the anopheles mosquito
*which of the following disease are NOT caused by bacteria - ANS ✔✔Giardiasis, Malaria
*Which of the following disease are caused by bacteria - ANS ✔✔tuberculosis , Gonorrhea
*Which of the following a disease are caused by viruses - ANS ✔✔hepatitis
*Which of the following disease are caused by viruses - ANS ✔✔Rabies, measles, influenza
