Nur 212 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER the wasting or shrinkage of a muscle or organ, can be caused
by a fracture
Contracture - CORRECT ANSWER a permanent contracted state of muscle, cant be undone
and passive ROM is important
Flaccidity - CORRECT ANSWER a weakened muscle tone and sometimes complete loss,
different levels
Footdrop - CORRECT ANSWER extended plantar flexion, bed rest patients are at high risk for
this and causes high risk of falls
Orthopedics - CORRECT ANSWER Branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal
system and tissues related to movement
Paresis - CORRECT ANSWER weakening of muscles
Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER absense or loss of muscle function
Passive exercise - CORRECT ANSWER the patient is unable to move independently, the nurse
moves each joint through its range of motion
Range of motion - CORRECT ANSWER complete movement a joint is able to move (active or
passive)
Spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER increased muscle tone (tightness, stiffness, muscle pull)
Tonus - CORRECT ANSWER a normal state of muscle contraction
,Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER movement away from the midline
Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER movement toward the midline
Circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER circular movement of a limb at the far end
Flexion - CORRECT ANSWER Decreases the angle of a joint
Extension - CORRECT ANSWER Straightening of a joint
Hyperextension - CORRECT ANSWER an exaggerated extension >180 degrees
Dorsiflexion - CORRECT ANSWER Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand
or foot
Plantar flexion - CORRECT ANSWER bends the foot downward at the ankle
Rotation - CORRECT ANSWER turning on an axis
Internal rotation - CORRECT ANSWER turning the joint inward
External rotation - CORRECT ANSWER turning the joint outward
Inversion - CORRECT ANSWER Turning the sole of the foot inward
Eversion - CORRECT ANSWER turning the sole of the foot outward
Skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
Cardiac muscles - CORRECT ANSWER found only in the heart
, Smooth muscles - CORRECT ANSWER muscles that act on the lining of the body's
passageways and hollow internal organs
Functions of muscles - CORRECT ANSWER motion, posture, support soft tissues, heat
production, and maintain body temp
Effect of nervous system of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER Neurons conduct
impulses from one part of the body to another.
The afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS.
Information is processed by the CNS leading to a response.
The efferent neurons convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by way of the somatic
nervous system
Good posture permits: - CORRECT ANSWER musculoskeletal balance and healthy
functioning, balanced and coordinated movement (decreases risk for injury
Labyrinth sense - CORRECT ANSWER the sensory organs in the inner ear, provides a sense of
orientation, position and movement
Proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - CORRECT ANSWER joint movement stimulating nerve
endings in the muscles and tendons that inform the brain of the location of the limb
Visual/optic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER visual impressions contribute to posture by
alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment
Extensor/stretch reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER extensor muscles are stretched beyond a
certain point and causes a reflex contraction
Ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER practice of designing equipment and work tasks to
conform to the capability of the worker and providing a means for adjusting the work environment
and work practices to prevent injuries
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER the wasting or shrinkage of a muscle or organ, can be caused
by a fracture
Contracture - CORRECT ANSWER a permanent contracted state of muscle, cant be undone
and passive ROM is important
Flaccidity - CORRECT ANSWER a weakened muscle tone and sometimes complete loss,
different levels
Footdrop - CORRECT ANSWER extended plantar flexion, bed rest patients are at high risk for
this and causes high risk of falls
Orthopedics - CORRECT ANSWER Branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal
system and tissues related to movement
Paresis - CORRECT ANSWER weakening of muscles
Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER absense or loss of muscle function
Passive exercise - CORRECT ANSWER the patient is unable to move independently, the nurse
moves each joint through its range of motion
Range of motion - CORRECT ANSWER complete movement a joint is able to move (active or
passive)
Spasticity - CORRECT ANSWER increased muscle tone (tightness, stiffness, muscle pull)
Tonus - CORRECT ANSWER a normal state of muscle contraction
,Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER movement away from the midline
Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER movement toward the midline
Circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER circular movement of a limb at the far end
Flexion - CORRECT ANSWER Decreases the angle of a joint
Extension - CORRECT ANSWER Straightening of a joint
Hyperextension - CORRECT ANSWER an exaggerated extension >180 degrees
Dorsiflexion - CORRECT ANSWER Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand
or foot
Plantar flexion - CORRECT ANSWER bends the foot downward at the ankle
Rotation - CORRECT ANSWER turning on an axis
Internal rotation - CORRECT ANSWER turning the joint inward
External rotation - CORRECT ANSWER turning the joint outward
Inversion - CORRECT ANSWER Turning the sole of the foot inward
Eversion - CORRECT ANSWER turning the sole of the foot outward
Skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER muscles attached to bone that cause body movements
Cardiac muscles - CORRECT ANSWER found only in the heart
, Smooth muscles - CORRECT ANSWER muscles that act on the lining of the body's
passageways and hollow internal organs
Functions of muscles - CORRECT ANSWER motion, posture, support soft tissues, heat
production, and maintain body temp
Effect of nervous system of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER Neurons conduct
impulses from one part of the body to another.
The afferent nervous system conveys information to the CNS.
Information is processed by the CNS leading to a response.
The efferent neurons convey the response from the CNS to skeletal muscles by way of the somatic
nervous system
Good posture permits: - CORRECT ANSWER musculoskeletal balance and healthy
functioning, balanced and coordinated movement (decreases risk for injury
Labyrinth sense - CORRECT ANSWER the sensory organs in the inner ear, provides a sense of
orientation, position and movement
Proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - CORRECT ANSWER joint movement stimulating nerve
endings in the muscles and tendons that inform the brain of the location of the limb
Visual/optic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER visual impressions contribute to posture by
alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment
Extensor/stretch reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER extensor muscles are stretched beyond a
certain point and causes a reflex contraction
Ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER practice of designing equipment and work tasks to
conform to the capability of the worker and providing a means for adjusting the work environment
and work practices to prevent injuries
