NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 2026
TEST PAPER VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Cause of infectious diseases.
Answer: specific pathogens: bacteria, virus; not the symptoms they
produce
◉ Manifestations.
Answer: Clinical findings: fever, rash, sore throat, malaise, joint
stiffness
◉ causative agent.
Answer: positive culture, guides treatment
◉ What do antibiotics do?.
Answer: target the pathogen, not the symptoms
◉ Subclinical (latent) stage.
Answer: disease processes are active
no oberservable signs or symptoms
, patient functions normally
◉ prodromal stage.
Answer: early vague symptoms (malaise, fatigue)
◉ Acute Stage.
Answer: full expression of symptoms
◉ convalescence.
Answer: recovery and return to normal function
◉ What is activated by stress?.
Answer: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
◉ Influence of stress on immune regulation.
Answer: cortisol suppresses immune activity:
PARTICULARLY Th1 (cell-mediated immunity)
this suppression increases susceptibility to infection
◉ chronic stress.
Answer: leads to prolonged immune suppression
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 2026
TEST PAPER VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Cause of infectious diseases.
Answer: specific pathogens: bacteria, virus; not the symptoms they
produce
◉ Manifestations.
Answer: Clinical findings: fever, rash, sore throat, malaise, joint
stiffness
◉ causative agent.
Answer: positive culture, guides treatment
◉ What do antibiotics do?.
Answer: target the pathogen, not the symptoms
◉ Subclinical (latent) stage.
Answer: disease processes are active
no oberservable signs or symptoms
, patient functions normally
◉ prodromal stage.
Answer: early vague symptoms (malaise, fatigue)
◉ Acute Stage.
Answer: full expression of symptoms
◉ convalescence.
Answer: recovery and return to normal function
◉ What is activated by stress?.
Answer: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
◉ Influence of stress on immune regulation.
Answer: cortisol suppresses immune activity:
PARTICULARLY Th1 (cell-mediated immunity)
this suppression increases susceptibility to infection
◉ chronic stress.
Answer: leads to prolonged immune suppression
