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BIOL 252 — Portage Learning —(Final Module)
Newest Exam Preparation With Complete Questions
And Correct Answers With Rationales Already
Graded A+Brand New Version!!
Question 1
Which gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine
system?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pineal gland
Answer: C. Pituitary gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it
regulates the activity of many other endocrine glands through the
hormones it secretes.
Question 2
A hormone is defined as:
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A. A chemical messenger that acts only on nearby cells
B. A chemical substance secreted into the bloodstream that acts on
distant target cells
C. A neurotransmitter released from synaptic terminals
D. An enzyme that catalyzes metabolic reactions
Answer: B. A chemical substance secreted into the bloodstream that
acts on distant target cells
Rationale: Hormones are secreted into the blood and travel to distant
target cells to exert their effects.
Question 3
True or False: All hormones are proteins.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Rationale: Hormones include peptides, steroids, and amino acid
derivatives, not solely proteins.
Question 4
Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and functions to:
A. Increase blood calcium levels
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B. Decrease blood calcium levels
C. Increase blood glucose levels
D. Increase blood pressure
Answer: B. Decrease blood calcium levels
Rationale: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast
activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
Question 5
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily acts to:
A. Decrease blood calcium by promoting renal excretion
B. Increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and increasing
intestinal absorption
C. Decrease blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake
D. Increase blood volume by promoting water retention
Answer: B. Increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and
increasing intestinal absorption
Rationale: PTH raises serum calcium through bone resorption, renal
reabsorption, and activation of vitamin D to enhance intestinal uptake.
Question 6
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
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A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Androstenedione
Answer: C. Epinephrine
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, primarily
epinephrine and norepinephrine, in response to sympathetic
stimulation.
Question 7
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the:
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Thyroid gland
D. Pancreas
Answer: A. Adrenal cortex
Rationale: The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol,
mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, and small amounts of
androgens.
Question 8
BIOL 252 — Portage Learning —(Final Module)
Newest Exam Preparation With Complete Questions
And Correct Answers With Rationales Already
Graded A+Brand New Version!!
Question 1
Which gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine
system?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pineal gland
Answer: C. Pituitary gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it
regulates the activity of many other endocrine glands through the
hormones it secretes.
Question 2
A hormone is defined as:
,2|Page
A. A chemical messenger that acts only on nearby cells
B. A chemical substance secreted into the bloodstream that acts on
distant target cells
C. A neurotransmitter released from synaptic terminals
D. An enzyme that catalyzes metabolic reactions
Answer: B. A chemical substance secreted into the bloodstream that
acts on distant target cells
Rationale: Hormones are secreted into the blood and travel to distant
target cells to exert their effects.
Question 3
True or False: All hormones are proteins.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Rationale: Hormones include peptides, steroids, and amino acid
derivatives, not solely proteins.
Question 4
Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and functions to:
A. Increase blood calcium levels
,3|Page
B. Decrease blood calcium levels
C. Increase blood glucose levels
D. Increase blood pressure
Answer: B. Decrease blood calcium levels
Rationale: Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast
activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
Question 5
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily acts to:
A. Decrease blood calcium by promoting renal excretion
B. Increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and increasing
intestinal absorption
C. Decrease blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake
D. Increase blood volume by promoting water retention
Answer: B. Increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and
increasing intestinal absorption
Rationale: PTH raises serum calcium through bone resorption, renal
reabsorption, and activation of vitamin D to enhance intestinal uptake.
Question 6
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
, 4|Page
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Androstenedione
Answer: C. Epinephrine
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, primarily
epinephrine and norepinephrine, in response to sympathetic
stimulation.
Question 7
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the:
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Thyroid gland
D. Pancreas
Answer: A. Adrenal cortex
Rationale: The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol,
mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, and small amounts of
androgens.
Question 8
