PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI (2026/2027)
UPDATE|EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE
CHOICES |VERIFIED & REVISED
ANSWERS (NEW)!!!
Amclientmwhomismreceivingmamwholembloodmtransfusionmdevelopsmchills,mfever,mandmamheadachem30
mminutesmaftermthemtransfusionmismstarted.mThemnursemshouldmrecognizemthesemsymptomsmasmchar
acteristicmofmwhatmreaction?
A.mAmmildmallergicmreaction.
B.mAmfebrilemtransfusionmreaction.
C.mAnmanaphylacticmtransfusionmreaction.
D.mAnmacutemhemolyticmtransfusionmreaction.m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmB.mAmfebrilemtransfusionmreaction.
Themnursemismassessingmamclientmwithmamrupturedmsmallmbowelmandmdeterminesmthatmthemclientmh
asmamtemperaturemofm102.8omF.mWhichmassessmentmfindingmprovidesmthemearliestmindicationmthatm
themclientmismexperiencingmsepticmshock?
A.mBilateralmcrackles.
B.mHyperpnea.
C.mMucusmproduction.
D.mWeakmperipheralmpulses.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmB.mHyperpnea.
Themnursemismcaringmformamclientmwithmsyndromemofminappropriatemantidiureticmhormonem(SIADH)
,mwhichmismmanifestedmbymwhichmsymptoms?
A.mLossmofmthirst,mweightmgain.
B.mDependentmedema,mfever.
C.mPolydipsia,mpolyuria.
, D.mHypernatremia,mtachypnea.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmA.mLossmofmthirst,mweightmgain.
AmclientmismbroughtmtomthemEmergencymCentermaftermamsnow-
skiingmaccident.mWhichminterventionmismmostmimportantmformthemnursemtomimplement?
A.mReviewmthemelectrocardiogrammtracing.
B.mObtainmbloodmformcoagulationmstudies.
C.mApplymamwarmingmblanket.
D.mProvidemheatedmPOmfluids.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmA.mReviewmthemelectrocardiogrammtracing.
Whichmpathophysiologicalmresponsemsupportsmamclient'smvomitingmexperience?
A.mSensoryminputmofmnoxiousmstimulimrelayedmtomthemcognitivemcentersmismassociatedmwithmdisgust
mandmillicitsmvomiting.
B.mResponsemofmstimulationmofmthemposteriormoropharynxmresultsminmreversemperistalsismofmthemga
strointestinalmtract.
C.mSpasmodicmreflexmofmrespiratorymandmgastricmmovementsmresultsmfrommstimulationmofmthemche
moreceptormtriggermzone.
D.mIncreasedmgastricmandmcolonicmpressuresmmovemgastrointestinalmcontentsmtomthemorificemofmlea
stmresistance.m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmC.mSpasmodicmreflexmofmrespiratorymandmgastricmmovementsmresultsmfrommst
imulationmofmthemchemoreceptormtriggermzone.
Themnursemreviewsmthemcompletembloodmcountm(CBC)mfindingsmofmanmadolescentmwithmacutemmye
logenousmleukemiam(AML).mThemhemoglobinmism13.8mg/dl,mhematocritmism36.7%,mwhitembloodmcell
mcountmism8,200mmm3,mandmplateletmcountmism115,000mmm3.mBasedmonmthesemfindings,mwhatmismt
hemprioritymnursingmdiagnosismformthismclient'smplanmofmcare?
A.mImpairedmgasmexchange.
B.mRiskmforminfection.
C.mRiskmforminjury.
D.mRiskmformactivitymintolerance.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmC.mRiskmforminjury.
UPDATE|EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE
CHOICES |VERIFIED & REVISED
ANSWERS (NEW)!!!
Amclientmwhomismreceivingmamwholembloodmtransfusionmdevelopsmchills,mfever,mandmamheadachem30
mminutesmaftermthemtransfusionmismstarted.mThemnursemshouldmrecognizemthesemsymptomsmasmchar
acteristicmofmwhatmreaction?
A.mAmmildmallergicmreaction.
B.mAmfebrilemtransfusionmreaction.
C.mAnmanaphylacticmtransfusionmreaction.
D.mAnmacutemhemolyticmtransfusionmreaction.m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmB.mAmfebrilemtransfusionmreaction.
Themnursemismassessingmamclientmwithmamrupturedmsmallmbowelmandmdeterminesmthatmthemclientmh
asmamtemperaturemofm102.8omF.mWhichmassessmentmfindingmprovidesmthemearliestmindicationmthatm
themclientmismexperiencingmsepticmshock?
A.mBilateralmcrackles.
B.mHyperpnea.
C.mMucusmproduction.
D.mWeakmperipheralmpulses.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmB.mHyperpnea.
Themnursemismcaringmformamclientmwithmsyndromemofminappropriatemantidiureticmhormonem(SIADH)
,mwhichmismmanifestedmbymwhichmsymptoms?
A.mLossmofmthirst,mweightmgain.
B.mDependentmedema,mfever.
C.mPolydipsia,mpolyuria.
, D.mHypernatremia,mtachypnea.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmA.mLossmofmthirst,mweightmgain.
AmclientmismbroughtmtomthemEmergencymCentermaftermamsnow-
skiingmaccident.mWhichminterventionmismmostmimportantmformthemnursemtomimplement?
A.mReviewmthemelectrocardiogrammtracing.
B.mObtainmbloodmformcoagulationmstudies.
C.mApplymamwarmingmblanket.
D.mProvidemheatedmPOmfluids.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmA.mReviewmthemelectrocardiogrammtracing.
Whichmpathophysiologicalmresponsemsupportsmamclient'smvomitingmexperience?
A.mSensoryminputmofmnoxiousmstimulimrelayedmtomthemcognitivemcentersmismassociatedmwithmdisgust
mandmillicitsmvomiting.
B.mResponsemofmstimulationmofmthemposteriormoropharynxmresultsminmreversemperistalsismofmthemga
strointestinalmtract.
C.mSpasmodicmreflexmofmrespiratorymandmgastricmmovementsmresultsmfrommstimulationmofmthemche
moreceptormtriggermzone.
D.mIncreasedmgastricmandmcolonicmpressuresmmovemgastrointestinalmcontentsmtomthemorificemofmlea
stmresistance.m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmC.mSpasmodicmreflexmofmrespiratorymandmgastricmmovementsmresultsmfrommst
imulationmofmthemchemoreceptormtriggermzone.
Themnursemreviewsmthemcompletembloodmcountm(CBC)mfindingsmofmanmadolescentmwithmacutemmye
logenousmleukemiam(AML).mThemhemoglobinmism13.8mg/dl,mhematocritmism36.7%,mwhitembloodmcell
mcountmism8,200mmm3,mandmplateletmcountmism115,000mmm3.mBasedmonmthesemfindings,mwhatmismt
hemprioritymnursingmdiagnosismformthismclient'smplanmofmcare?
A.mImpairedmgasmexchange.
B.mRiskmforminfection.
C.mRiskmforminjury.
D.mRiskmformactivitymintolerance.m-mCORRECTmANSWERmC.mRiskmforminjury.
