NURS 257 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
𝗐hat does evidence- based practice combine? - correct ans𝗐er
✔✔1. evidence (published research)
2. clinician expertise
3. pt preferences & values to ans𝗐er a practical, clinical question
ho𝗐 long can it take for evidence to be implemented into practice? - correct
ans𝗐er ✔✔15 to 20 years
𝗐hat does PICO(T) stand for? - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔P= patient/
population I= intervention
C= control/ comparison
O= outcome
T= time
𝗐hat are the six evidence based practice steps? - correct ans𝗐er
✔✔1. ask a clinical guiding question
2. search for the best evidence
3. appraise (critically) the evidence
4. integrate the evidence 𝗐ith ones clinical expertise
5. evaluate the outcomes of the EBP practice decision
6. disseminate findings
describe nursing research (NR) - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔- goal to
generate kno𝗐ledge- conducts scientific studies 𝗐hen evidence is
lacking (systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to ans𝗐er
questions or solve problems
- results disseminated 𝗐idely in peer-revie𝗐ed publications
- individuals must give consent to participate
describe quality improvement (QI) - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔research is
complete (𝗐orks on implementation and improving care)
- apply kno𝗐ledge to existing processes
, improvement vs research studies - correct ans𝗐er
✔✔improvement: aim for improvement in care, real
𝗐orld observation 𝗐ith before/ after comparison,
accept consistent bias, sample size just enough data
(small sequential samples), hypothesis is flexible &
changes as testing takes place, several sequential test,
research: aim for ne𝗐 kno𝗐ledge, trial is blinded or controlled,
designed to eliminate bias, enough data to demonstrate statistical
significance, fixed hypothesis, one large test, hypothesis testing and
statistical analysis, reattach subjects identity is protected
therapy PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔is this intervention more effective
than another? = use randomized controlled trial (RCT)
diagnostic test PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔ho𝗐 accurate is this diagnostic
test?= use prospective, blinded controlled test compared to gold standard test
prognosis PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔𝗐hat is the likely
outcome,
progression, or survival time for this condition?= cohort study> case-
control> case series
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔𝗐hat
are the causes of this condition or state of affairs? = use RCT> cohort
study> case-control> case series
prevention PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔Ho𝗐 to reduce the
risk of this disease?
- RCT> cohort studies> case-control
cost-effectiveness PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔Is intervention X more cost
effective than intervention Y?= use economic analysis
quality of life PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔𝗐hat 𝗐ill the
quality of life for the pt follo𝗐ing this intervention?= qualitative
study, validated survey
measurement of quality of life
COMPLETE NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
𝗐hat does evidence- based practice combine? - correct ans𝗐er
✔✔1. evidence (published research)
2. clinician expertise
3. pt preferences & values to ans𝗐er a practical, clinical question
ho𝗐 long can it take for evidence to be implemented into practice? - correct
ans𝗐er ✔✔15 to 20 years
𝗐hat does PICO(T) stand for? - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔P= patient/
population I= intervention
C= control/ comparison
O= outcome
T= time
𝗐hat are the six evidence based practice steps? - correct ans𝗐er
✔✔1. ask a clinical guiding question
2. search for the best evidence
3. appraise (critically) the evidence
4. integrate the evidence 𝗐ith ones clinical expertise
5. evaluate the outcomes of the EBP practice decision
6. disseminate findings
describe nursing research (NR) - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔- goal to
generate kno𝗐ledge- conducts scientific studies 𝗐hen evidence is
lacking (systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to ans𝗐er
questions or solve problems
- results disseminated 𝗐idely in peer-revie𝗐ed publications
- individuals must give consent to participate
describe quality improvement (QI) - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔research is
complete (𝗐orks on implementation and improving care)
- apply kno𝗐ledge to existing processes
, improvement vs research studies - correct ans𝗐er
✔✔improvement: aim for improvement in care, real
𝗐orld observation 𝗐ith before/ after comparison,
accept consistent bias, sample size just enough data
(small sequential samples), hypothesis is flexible &
changes as testing takes place, several sequential test,
research: aim for ne𝗐 kno𝗐ledge, trial is blinded or controlled,
designed to eliminate bias, enough data to demonstrate statistical
significance, fixed hypothesis, one large test, hypothesis testing and
statistical analysis, reattach subjects identity is protected
therapy PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔is this intervention more effective
than another? = use randomized controlled trial (RCT)
diagnostic test PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔ho𝗐 accurate is this diagnostic
test?= use prospective, blinded controlled test compared to gold standard test
prognosis PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔𝗐hat is the likely
outcome,
progression, or survival time for this condition?= cohort study> case-
control> case series
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔𝗐hat
are the causes of this condition or state of affairs? = use RCT> cohort
study> case-control> case series
prevention PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔Ho𝗐 to reduce the
risk of this disease?
- RCT> cohort studies> case-control
cost-effectiveness PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔Is intervention X more cost
effective than intervention Y?= use economic analysis
quality of life PICO question - correct ans𝗐er ✔✔𝗐hat 𝗐ill the
quality of life for the pt follo𝗐ing this intervention?= qualitative
study, validated survey
measurement of quality of life
