NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
GRADUATE NURSING SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ UTI symptoms in Elderly.
Answer: -confusion/ poorly localized abdominal pain
-caused by e.coli usually
◉ Paget Disease (osteitis deformans).
Answer: -increased metabolic activity in bon characterized by
abnormal and excessive bone resorption and formation
(remodeling)
-affects often axial skeleton- vertebrae, skull, sacrum, sternum,
pelvis, and femur.
-usually diagnosed over 40, invasive procedures diagnose
◉ causes of stomach cancer.
Answer: -h.pylori infection
-diet- salt, food additives (nitrates), and not eating fruits/veggies
-alcohol/smoking
,◉ HHV-8.
Answer: -causes Kaposi Sarcoma (public health concern in africa)
-accounts for 2% of infection-attributable cancers worldwide
◉ murmur in PDA.
Answer: continuous, machinery type murmur heard best at left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole
pg 1124
◉ Koplik spots.
Answer: *rubeola*
-pinpoint white spots surrounded surrounded by erythematous red
ring
- found on buccal mucosa
◉ abducens nerve.
Answer: *VI*
-lateral eye movement
-leave inferior pons, exit skull, extend to eye
-motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle and proprioceptor fibers from
muscle to brain
,◉ Olfactory nerve.
Answer: *I*
-smell
-sensory for smell
-fibers arise from nasal olfactory epithelium and form synapses with
olfactory bulbs that transmit impulses to temporal lobe
◉ Hypoglossal nerve.
Answer: *XII*
-stick out tongue
-motor fibers to muscles of tongue and sensory impulse from tongue
to brain
-fibers arise from medulla and exit from skull and extend to tongue
◉ trigeminal nerve.
Answer: *V*
-sensations of pain, touch, temperature, corneal reflex, clench teeth,
open mouth, chew
-motor and sensory. sensory from mouth, nose, eye surface, dura
mater. motor stimulates chewing
◉ Meconium ileus and cystic fibrosis.
, Answer: -results from abnormal mucus production in the intestine
and/or impaired pancreatic enzymes
-20% of infants with CF
◉ hormones responsible for ovulation.
Answer: Luteinizing Hormone
◉ Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
Answer: STI
-increases risk of cervical cancer
-6 and 11= nononcogenic/genital warts
-16 and 18=oncogenic-anogenital cancers/oropharyngeal cancers
◉ Hydrocele.
Answer: -collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis
-common cause of scrotal swelling
◉ Spermatocele.
Answer: -benign cystic collections of fluid of the epididymis located
between the head of the epididymis and the testis
-milky fluid containing sperm
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL COMPREHENSIVE
GRADUATE NURSING SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
2026
◉ UTI symptoms in Elderly.
Answer: -confusion/ poorly localized abdominal pain
-caused by e.coli usually
◉ Paget Disease (osteitis deformans).
Answer: -increased metabolic activity in bon characterized by
abnormal and excessive bone resorption and formation
(remodeling)
-affects often axial skeleton- vertebrae, skull, sacrum, sternum,
pelvis, and femur.
-usually diagnosed over 40, invasive procedures diagnose
◉ causes of stomach cancer.
Answer: -h.pylori infection
-diet- salt, food additives (nitrates), and not eating fruits/veggies
-alcohol/smoking
,◉ HHV-8.
Answer: -causes Kaposi Sarcoma (public health concern in africa)
-accounts for 2% of infection-attributable cancers worldwide
◉ murmur in PDA.
Answer: continuous, machinery type murmur heard best at left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole
pg 1124
◉ Koplik spots.
Answer: *rubeola*
-pinpoint white spots surrounded surrounded by erythematous red
ring
- found on buccal mucosa
◉ abducens nerve.
Answer: *VI*
-lateral eye movement
-leave inferior pons, exit skull, extend to eye
-motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle and proprioceptor fibers from
muscle to brain
,◉ Olfactory nerve.
Answer: *I*
-smell
-sensory for smell
-fibers arise from nasal olfactory epithelium and form synapses with
olfactory bulbs that transmit impulses to temporal lobe
◉ Hypoglossal nerve.
Answer: *XII*
-stick out tongue
-motor fibers to muscles of tongue and sensory impulse from tongue
to brain
-fibers arise from medulla and exit from skull and extend to tongue
◉ trigeminal nerve.
Answer: *V*
-sensations of pain, touch, temperature, corneal reflex, clench teeth,
open mouth, chew
-motor and sensory. sensory from mouth, nose, eye surface, dura
mater. motor stimulates chewing
◉ Meconium ileus and cystic fibrosis.
, Answer: -results from abnormal mucus production in the intestine
and/or impaired pancreatic enzymes
-20% of infants with CF
◉ hormones responsible for ovulation.
Answer: Luteinizing Hormone
◉ Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
Answer: STI
-increases risk of cervical cancer
-6 and 11= nononcogenic/genital warts
-16 and 18=oncogenic-anogenital cancers/oropharyngeal cancers
◉ Hydrocele.
Answer: -collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis
-common cause of scrotal swelling
◉ Spermatocele.
Answer: -benign cystic collections of fluid of the epididymis located
between the head of the epididymis and the testis
-milky fluid containing sperm
