Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region)
Acute Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage
Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric pain
Chronic Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually.
Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive
,Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis.
Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a sensation
of fullness after minimal intake.
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic reaction
Chronic Gastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease
Acute Gastroenteritis
Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or eggs
Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting
,Helicobacter pylori
Most common cause of chronic gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation. Genetic
vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility
Gastritis
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and
other chronic disease
Chronic Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
Gastritis
, Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and
bleeding.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into the
esophagus.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy
or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy,
certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and anticholinergics),
nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant), dysphagia,
dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in the throat.
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region)
Acute Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage
Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric pain
Chronic Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually.
Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive
,Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis.
Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a sensation
of fullness after minimal intake.
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic reaction
Chronic Gastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease
Acute Gastroenteritis
Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or eggs
Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting
,Helicobacter pylori
Most common cause of chronic gastritis
Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation. Genetic
vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility
Gastritis
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and
other chronic disease
Chronic Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
Gastritis
, Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and
bleeding.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into the
esophagus.
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy
or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy,
certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and anticholinergics),
nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant), dysphagia,
dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in the throat.
