HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY with correct answers 100% 2026
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not favor stability and
often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis - Correct Answers a. positive feedback
What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above - Correct Answers b. gums
Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly - Correct Answers d. there is less thirst perception
in the elderly
Which of the following is true?
,a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women - Correct Answers c. Women have a lower
hemoglobin than men
An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of oxygen at high altitude
is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal - Correct Answers b. Acclimatization
What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic - Correct Answers d. Iatrogenic
Which term is used for the first two months of life?
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal - Correct Answers d. Neonatal
Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
a. Symptom
,b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign - Correct Answers d. Sign
Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate - Correct Answers c. They include epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity - Correct Answers b. Endorphins increase with stress,
resulting in a decrease in pain perception
By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion - Correct Answers d. They cross by diffusion
Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
, c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation - Correct Answers a. Protein synthesis
Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters - Correct Answers c. The sodium-potassium pump
Cellular hypoxia results in:
a. Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump - Correct Answers d. Failure of the sodium-potassium
pump
A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a prolonged period of bed
rest. This is most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles - Correct Answers a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY with correct answers 100% 2026
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not favor stability and
often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis - Correct Answers a. positive feedback
What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above - Correct Answers b. gums
Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly - Correct Answers d. there is less thirst perception
in the elderly
Which of the following is true?
,a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women - Correct Answers c. Women have a lower
hemoglobin than men
An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of oxygen at high altitude
is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal - Correct Answers b. Acclimatization
What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic - Correct Answers d. Iatrogenic
Which term is used for the first two months of life?
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal - Correct Answers d. Neonatal
Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease?
a. Symptom
,b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign - Correct Answers d. Sign
Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines?
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate - Correct Answers c. They include epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity - Correct Answers b. Endorphins increase with stress,
resulting in a decrease in pain perception
By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion - Correct Answers d. They cross by diffusion
Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
, c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation - Correct Answers a. Protein synthesis
Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters - Correct Answers c. The sodium-potassium pump
Cellular hypoxia results in:
a. Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump - Correct Answers d. Failure of the sodium-potassium
pump
A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a prolonged period of bed
rest. This is most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles - Correct Answers a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
