CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS CHAPTER 43
COMPREHENSIVE SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ Eukarya.
Answer: The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
◉ natural selection.
Answer: A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other
individuals because of those traits.
◉ science.
Answer: An approach to understanding the natural world.
◉ inquiry.
Answer: The search for information and explanation, often focusing
on specific questions.
◉ data.
Answer: Recorded observations.
,◉ qualitative data.
Answer: A type of recorded observation that is descriptive and not
numerical.
◉ quantitative data.
Answer: A type of recorded observation that is numerical and often
organized into tables and graphs.
◉ inductive reasoning.
Answer: A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large
number of specific observations.
◉ hypothesis.
Answer: A testable explanation for a set of observations based on
the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. Narrower in
scope than theory.
◉ deductive reasoning.
Answer: A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a
general premise.
◉ controlled experiment.
,Answer: An experiment in which an experimental group is
compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being
tested.
◉ theory.
Answer: An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis,
generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of
evidence.
◉ technology.
Answer: The application of scientific knowledge for a specific
purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including
uses in basic research.
◉ Activation energy.
Answer: The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a
chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation.
◉ Active site.
Answer: The specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substrate
by means of multiple weak interactions and that forms the pocket in
which catalysis occurs.
◉ Allosteric regulation.
, Answer: The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site
that affects the function of the protein at a different site.
◉ Anabolic pathway.
Answer: A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a
complex molecule from simpler compounds.
◉ ATP.
Answer: An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that
releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This
energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
◉ Bioenergetics.
Answer: (1) The overall flow and transformation of energy in an
organism. (2) The study of how energy flows through organisms.
◉ Catabolic pathway.
Answer: A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking
down complex molecules to simpler compounds.
◉ Catalyst.
Answer: A chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction
without being consumed by the reaction.
COMPREHENSIVE SOLVED QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ Eukarya.
Answer: The domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms.
◉ natural selection.
Answer: A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other
individuals because of those traits.
◉ science.
Answer: An approach to understanding the natural world.
◉ inquiry.
Answer: The search for information and explanation, often focusing
on specific questions.
◉ data.
Answer: Recorded observations.
,◉ qualitative data.
Answer: A type of recorded observation that is descriptive and not
numerical.
◉ quantitative data.
Answer: A type of recorded observation that is numerical and often
organized into tables and graphs.
◉ inductive reasoning.
Answer: A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large
number of specific observations.
◉ hypothesis.
Answer: A testable explanation for a set of observations based on
the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. Narrower in
scope than theory.
◉ deductive reasoning.
Answer: A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a
general premise.
◉ controlled experiment.
,Answer: An experiment in which an experimental group is
compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being
tested.
◉ theory.
Answer: An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis,
generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of
evidence.
◉ technology.
Answer: The application of scientific knowledge for a specific
purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including
uses in basic research.
◉ Activation energy.
Answer: The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a
chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation.
◉ Active site.
Answer: The specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substrate
by means of multiple weak interactions and that forms the pocket in
which catalysis occurs.
◉ Allosteric regulation.
, Answer: The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site
that affects the function of the protein at a different site.
◉ Anabolic pathway.
Answer: A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a
complex molecule from simpler compounds.
◉ ATP.
Answer: An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that
releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This
energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
◉ Bioenergetics.
Answer: (1) The overall flow and transformation of energy in an
organism. (2) The study of how energy flows through organisms.
◉ Catabolic pathway.
Answer: A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking
down complex molecules to simpler compounds.
◉ Catalyst.
Answer: A chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction
without being consumed by the reaction.
