BIOL133 EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
●● Allele
Answer: variant of a gene
●● Ex. Sick-cell anemia
Answer: - caused by mutated gene - codes for component of hemoglobin
- an allele of the gene codes for a defective hemoglobin
- result is sickle cell anemia
●● DNA
Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid
- 4 DNA building blocks: A, T, G, C
- double stranded
●● RNA
Answer: Ribonucleic acid
- INTERMEDIARY between genes and proteins
- 4 RNA building blocks: A, U, G, C
- single stranded
,●● Chromosomes
Answer: - long strand of DNA and proteins
- each chromosome contains many genes
- humans: 46 chromosomes in all cells EXCEPT sperm and eggs
- 23 from mom, 23 from dad
●● Genome
Answer: - all genes in cells of a particular type of organism (species)
- human genome = ~ 20,000 genes
- corn has 30,000 genes and the worm C. elegans has 10,000
●● Genotype
Answer: alleles an organism contains (a lot of possibilities, but what a
person ACTUALLY is made up of)
●● Phenotype
Answer: how alleles of genotype are expressed (Phenotype = physical =
what the organism looks like)
●● Karyotype
Answer: chart that displays chromosome pairs in size order
- how can we use a karyotype? to see if there are too many/little
chromosomes and gender
, ●● How can triploidy occur?
Answer: - an egg fertilized by a sperm that has two copies of each
chromosome
- an egg fertilized by two normal sperm
- egg has two copies of each chromosome and fertilized by normal
sperm
●● Gregor Mendel (mendelian traits)
Answer: - studied traits determined by SINGLE gene
- ONE gene causes a specific phenotype (disease)
- Ex. sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia
●● Are all traits Mendelian?
Answer: - no
- 180 genes determine human height
- unknown amount of genes determine hair, eye, and skin color
- unknown amount of genes determine development of heart disease
●● Multifactorial traits
Answer: - a trait caused by one or more genes and the ENVIRONMENT
- ex. height, hair color, hypertension, breast cancer, diabetes
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
●● Allele
Answer: variant of a gene
●● Ex. Sick-cell anemia
Answer: - caused by mutated gene - codes for component of hemoglobin
- an allele of the gene codes for a defective hemoglobin
- result is sickle cell anemia
●● DNA
Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid
- 4 DNA building blocks: A, T, G, C
- double stranded
●● RNA
Answer: Ribonucleic acid
- INTERMEDIARY between genes and proteins
- 4 RNA building blocks: A, U, G, C
- single stranded
,●● Chromosomes
Answer: - long strand of DNA and proteins
- each chromosome contains many genes
- humans: 46 chromosomes in all cells EXCEPT sperm and eggs
- 23 from mom, 23 from dad
●● Genome
Answer: - all genes in cells of a particular type of organism (species)
- human genome = ~ 20,000 genes
- corn has 30,000 genes and the worm C. elegans has 10,000
●● Genotype
Answer: alleles an organism contains (a lot of possibilities, but what a
person ACTUALLY is made up of)
●● Phenotype
Answer: how alleles of genotype are expressed (Phenotype = physical =
what the organism looks like)
●● Karyotype
Answer: chart that displays chromosome pairs in size order
- how can we use a karyotype? to see if there are too many/little
chromosomes and gender
, ●● How can triploidy occur?
Answer: - an egg fertilized by a sperm that has two copies of each
chromosome
- an egg fertilized by two normal sperm
- egg has two copies of each chromosome and fertilized by normal
sperm
●● Gregor Mendel (mendelian traits)
Answer: - studied traits determined by SINGLE gene
- ONE gene causes a specific phenotype (disease)
- Ex. sickle-cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia
●● Are all traits Mendelian?
Answer: - no
- 180 genes determine human height
- unknown amount of genes determine hair, eye, and skin color
- unknown amount of genes determine development of heart disease
●● Multifactorial traits
Answer: - a trait caused by one or more genes and the ENVIRONMENT
- ex. height, hair color, hypertension, breast cancer, diabetes
