AP Biology Questions with CORRECT Answers

AP Biology Questions with CORRECT Answers

Question:
What are the essential elements?
Answer:
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen "CHON"


Question:
Atomic mass
Answer:
# of protons and neutrons


Question:
Atomic number
Answer:
# of protons (which equals the # of electrons)


Question:
Electronegativity
Answer:
attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond, more electronegative, the
stronger the pull (Oxygen and Nitrogen > Carbon and Hydrogen)


Question:
What are the 5 properties of water?
Answer:
1) Water is polar (cohesion, adhesion, surface tension). 2) Water has a high specific
heat. 3) Evaporative cooling 4) Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. 5) Water
is the solvent of life (pH, dissolving).


Question:
Why is carbon the central figure in organic molecules?
Answer:
4 available bonding sites = tetra valence

,Question:
Hydroxyl
Answer:
OH-


Question:
Carbonyl
Answer:
C=O


Question:
Carboxyl
Answer:
COOH


Question:
Amino
Answer:
NH2


Question:
Sulfhydryl
Answer:
SH


Question:
Phosphate
Answer:
PO4 3-


Question:
Methyl
Answer:
CH3

,Question:
Dehydration
Answer:
connecting monomers together by the removal of water


Question:
Hydrolysis
Answer:
disassembling polymers by the addition of water


Question:
*Carbohydrates
Answer:
main source of energy for an organism


Question:
Disaccharides
Answer:
glucose + glucose = maltose / glucose + fructose = sucrose / glucose + galactose =
lactose


Question:
Polysaccharides
Answer:
Plants: starch (energy) and cellulose (structure)


Question:
Animals
Answer:
glycogen (energy) and chitin (structure)


Question:
*Lipids
Answer:
hydrophobic (very non-polar), consist of long hydrocarbon chains

, Question:
Fats
Answer:
consist of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, store long term energy, saturated = no double
bond in hydrocarbon tails (no kink), unsaturated = double bond (kink)


Question:
Phospholipids
Answer:
consist of phosphate head, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid tails, tail is hydrophobic, head is
hydrophillic


Question:
Steroids
Answer:
carbon skeleton with 4 rings (ex. cholesterol, testosterone/estrogen)


Question:
Protein structure and organization
Answer:
composed of an amino group, a carboxyl group, hydrogen, and an R group, joined by
peptide bonds and folded numerous times; 1) Primary (linear sequence) 2) Secondary
(helix or pleat) 3) Tertiary 4) Quaternary (globular)


Question:
Protein functions (8)
Answer:
1) enzymes 2) antibodies 3) storage proteins 4) transport proteins 5) hormones 6)
receptor proteins 7) motor proteins 8) structural proteins


Question:
*Nucleic Acids
Answer:
DNA (A+T, G+C) carries genetic info, RNA (A+U, G+C) manufactures proteins