BIOSTATISTICS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL AND
HEALTH SCIENCES UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE FULL SOLUTION
●● Statistics
Answer: A collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining
data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting,
presenting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. pg. 4
●● Population
Answer: the complete collection of all elements (scores, people,
measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in
the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied. pg. 4
●● Census
Answer: The collection of data from every member of the population.
pg. 4
●● Sample
Answer: A subcollection of members selected from part of a population.
pg. 4
,●● Parameter
Answer: A measurement describing some characteristic of a population.
pg. 5
●● Statistic
Answer: A measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. pg.
5
●● Quantitative data
Answer: Data that consists of numbers representing counts or
measurements. (i.e. weight) pg. 5
●● Qualitative data
Answer: Data that can be separated into different categories that are
distinguished by some non-numeric characteristic. (i.e. sex, color) pg. 5
●● Discrete data
Answer: Data that result when the number of possible values is either a
finite number or a "countable" number. pg. 6
●● Continuous (numerical) data
Answer: Data that result from infinitely many possible values that
correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values
, without gaps, interruptions or jumps. (i.e. decimal number 2.42115) pg.
6
●● Nominal level of measurement
Answer: Characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or
categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme
(such as low to high, yes/no, colors). pg. 6
●● Ordinal level of measurement
Answer: Data that can be arranged in some order, but differences
between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless. (i.e.
course grades A-F, ranks) pg. 7
●● Interval level of measurement
Answer: Similar to ordinal level but with the additional property that the
difference between any two data vales is meaningful. Data, however,
does not have a natural zero as a starting point. (i.e. temperatures, time
periods of years) pg. 8
●● Ratio level of measurement
Answer: Interval level with the additional property that there is a natural
zero starting point. For these values, differences and ratios are both
meaningful. (i.e. weights, ages) pg. 8
●● Voluntary response sample
HEALTH SCIENCES UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE FULL SOLUTION
●● Statistics
Answer: A collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining
data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting,
presenting, and drawing conclusions based on the data. pg. 4
●● Population
Answer: the complete collection of all elements (scores, people,
measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in
the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied. pg. 4
●● Census
Answer: The collection of data from every member of the population.
pg. 4
●● Sample
Answer: A subcollection of members selected from part of a population.
pg. 4
,●● Parameter
Answer: A measurement describing some characteristic of a population.
pg. 5
●● Statistic
Answer: A measurement describing some characteristic of a sample. pg.
5
●● Quantitative data
Answer: Data that consists of numbers representing counts or
measurements. (i.e. weight) pg. 5
●● Qualitative data
Answer: Data that can be separated into different categories that are
distinguished by some non-numeric characteristic. (i.e. sex, color) pg. 5
●● Discrete data
Answer: Data that result when the number of possible values is either a
finite number or a "countable" number. pg. 6
●● Continuous (numerical) data
Answer: Data that result from infinitely many possible values that
correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values
, without gaps, interruptions or jumps. (i.e. decimal number 2.42115) pg.
6
●● Nominal level of measurement
Answer: Characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or
categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme
(such as low to high, yes/no, colors). pg. 6
●● Ordinal level of measurement
Answer: Data that can be arranged in some order, but differences
between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless. (i.e.
course grades A-F, ranks) pg. 7
●● Interval level of measurement
Answer: Similar to ordinal level but with the additional property that the
difference between any two data vales is meaningful. Data, however,
does not have a natural zero as a starting point. (i.e. temperatures, time
periods of years) pg. 8
●● Ratio level of measurement
Answer: Interval level with the additional property that there is a natural
zero starting point. For these values, differences and ratios are both
meaningful. (i.e. weights, ages) pg. 8
●● Voluntary response sample
