BIOSTATISTICS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL AND
HEALTH SCIENCES FINAL PAPER FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
PREMIUM STUDY SHEET
●● Biostatistics
Answer: Application of statistics to the analysis of biological and
medical data.
●● Health
Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- Happens because of (risk or preventive) factors
●● Determinants of health
Answer: the investigation of health and disease or any of the factors that
contribute to the presence or absence of physical, mental, and social
health among individuals, families, communities, nations, or the world
population
- To understand what determines the health
●● Clinical research
,Answer: evaluates the best ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat adverse
health issues that adversely affect individuals and families
●● Medicine
Answer: the practice of preventing, diagnosing, and treating health
problems in individuals, families, communities, nations, or entire
population
●● Population health research
Answer: focuses on the health outcomes and the determinants of health
in groups of humans
●● Public health
Answer: The actions taken to promote health and prevent illnesses,
injuries, and early deaths at the population level (vaccine+ smoking
interventions)
●● Biological (basic medical) research
Answer: looks at changes at human cellular level that can be related to
the health outcomes
●● Health services research
Answer: used to understand how services are organized, funded, running
(i.e walk in)
,●● Research
Answer: process of systematically and carefully investigating a subject
in order to discover new info about the world
●● 5 steps of research
Answer: 1. Identify a study question
2. Select a general study approach
3. Design the study and collect data
4. Analyze data
5 Write and share a report about the findings
●● Brainstorming
Answer: process of generating long lists of spontaneous ideas about
possible research questions
- Source: personal experiences, knowledge acquired from coursework,
clinical or public health practice, and informal reading about subjects of
interest
- Clear, practical and focused: who, where, when, what, why, and how
often
- Goal: understanding the issue, needs assessments, program evaluations,
clinical effectiveness studies, and other types of health-related research
, ●● Concept mapping
Answer: visual listing of ideas and grouping them to reveal relationships
- Brainstorm to generate a list of words or phrases
- Use circles and arrows to group related topics and to visualize the
connections between them
●● Exposure
Answer: a personal characteristic (socioeconomic status), behaviour
(smoking), environmental encounter (pollution), or intervention
(treatment) that might change the likelihood of developing a health
condition
●● Outcome
Answer: an observed event such as the presence of disease in a
participant in an observational study or the measured endpoint in an
experimental study
●● Population
Answer: group of individuals, communities, or organizations with
identifiable similar characteristics
●● Standard of health research: PICOT
HEALTH SCIENCES FINAL PAPER FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
PREMIUM STUDY SHEET
●● Biostatistics
Answer: Application of statistics to the analysis of biological and
medical data.
●● Health
Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- Happens because of (risk or preventive) factors
●● Determinants of health
Answer: the investigation of health and disease or any of the factors that
contribute to the presence or absence of physical, mental, and social
health among individuals, families, communities, nations, or the world
population
- To understand what determines the health
●● Clinical research
,Answer: evaluates the best ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat adverse
health issues that adversely affect individuals and families
●● Medicine
Answer: the practice of preventing, diagnosing, and treating health
problems in individuals, families, communities, nations, or entire
population
●● Population health research
Answer: focuses on the health outcomes and the determinants of health
in groups of humans
●● Public health
Answer: The actions taken to promote health and prevent illnesses,
injuries, and early deaths at the population level (vaccine+ smoking
interventions)
●● Biological (basic medical) research
Answer: looks at changes at human cellular level that can be related to
the health outcomes
●● Health services research
Answer: used to understand how services are organized, funded, running
(i.e walk in)
,●● Research
Answer: process of systematically and carefully investigating a subject
in order to discover new info about the world
●● 5 steps of research
Answer: 1. Identify a study question
2. Select a general study approach
3. Design the study and collect data
4. Analyze data
5 Write and share a report about the findings
●● Brainstorming
Answer: process of generating long lists of spontaneous ideas about
possible research questions
- Source: personal experiences, knowledge acquired from coursework,
clinical or public health practice, and informal reading about subjects of
interest
- Clear, practical and focused: who, where, when, what, why, and how
often
- Goal: understanding the issue, needs assessments, program evaluations,
clinical effectiveness studies, and other types of health-related research
, ●● Concept mapping
Answer: visual listing of ideas and grouping them to reveal relationships
- Brainstorm to generate a list of words or phrases
- Use circles and arrows to group related topics and to visualize the
connections between them
●● Exposure
Answer: a personal characteristic (socioeconomic status), behaviour
(smoking), environmental encounter (pollution), or intervention
(treatment) that might change the likelihood of developing a health
condition
●● Outcome
Answer: an observed event such as the presence of disease in a
participant in an observational study or the measured endpoint in an
experimental study
●● Population
Answer: group of individuals, communities, or organizations with
identifiable similar characteristics
●● Standard of health research: PICOT
