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Galen NSG 3100 Exam 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR – JUST
RELEASED
Galen NSG 3100 Exam 3 – Comprehensive Study Guide
10-Line Exam Coverage in Points Form
1. Diagnostic Testing & Patient Preparation – Pre-procedure protocols (NPO status,
informed consent, allergy assessment for contrast media, renal function evaluation);
post-procedure monitoring (gag reflex return, vital signs, bleeding assessment); common
procedures: bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, EGD, KUB, IVP, cystoscopy, MRI,
echocardiogram, thoracentesis, bladder scanner
2. Laboratory Values & Specimen Collection – BMP, BUN, creatinine, Hgb A1C,
fasting/random blood glucose, capillary blood glucose (fingerstick technique: warm
finger, dependent position, wipe first drop); clean-catch midstream urine, 24-hour urine,
straight catheter, Foley catheter sampling; fecal occult blood testing
3. Fluid & Electrolyte Balance – Daily fluid intake target (~1,500 mL); normal urinary
output (0.5–1.5 L/day, ~30 mL/hour); electrolytes lost with urination (potassium,
sodium); hyponatremia management (fluid restriction 1,000–1,500 mL/day);
hypokalemia/hypophosphatemia assessment; signs of fluid overload (crackles, dyspnea,
neck vein distention)
4. Urinary Elimination – Normal urine characteristics (pale yellow, clear, pH ~6, aromatic
odor); abnormal findings (pink/red from beets or warfarin, brown/tea from liver failure);
UTI signs (E. coli, dysuria, urgency, frequency); incontinence types (urge, stress);
polyuria/oliguria/anuria definitions; enuresis; condom catheter application (1-inch
space); straight vs. Foley catheterization; three-way Foley for TURP irrigation; bladder
scanner use
5. Bowel Elimination – Constipation (defined as <3 BMs/week, 4 million Americans
affected, women > men); diarrhea interventions (barrier cream, antidiarrheals, low-gas
foods like applesauce, bread, yogurt); fecal impaction care (digital removal: stop if
bradycardia indicates vagal stimulation); ostomy assessment (normal stoma is
pink/red/moist; dark purple/black indicates ischemia → notify provider immediately;
prolapse protrusion; stenosis narrowing)
6. Ostomy & Colostomy Care – Colostomy irrigation with warm tap water or normal saline;
ileostomy diet (chew food thoroughly, high-fiber foods may cause obstruction); stoma
changes (prolapse, retraction, necrosis); peristomal skin care (red/weepy skin
assessment); bright red ostomy output = notify provider
7. Medication Administration & Safety – Warfarin (Coumadin) education (soft toothbrush,
avoid green leafy vegetables/vitamin K, avoid ibuprofen, bruising expected but do not
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stop without provider); bisacodyl (Dulcolax) chronic use → laxative dependency; Fleet
enema caution in elderly/renal impairment (hyperphosphatemia risk); metformin hold
before IV contrast
8. Oxygenation & Respiratory Care – COPD patients (hypoxic drive → use Venturi mask at
24% FiO2 for low, precise oxygen; high-flow oxygen may cause CO2 retention);
bronchoscopy post-care (NPO until gag/cough/swallow return, monitor for
pneumothorax, bleeding); thoracentesis (pleural fluid removal); ABG interpretation
(PaO2 55, PaCO2 60)
9. Perioperative & Procedural Care – NPO status verification before procedures; informed
consent confirmation; contrast media precautions (allergy to iodine/shellfish,
BUN/creatinine monitoring, increase fluids post-procedure, stool pale for days); sedation
safety (vitals, O2 sat, positioning left side until awake to prevent aspiration)
10. Clinical Judgment & Prioritization – NG suction → hypokalemia risk; fluid overload
priority (slow IV, notify provider); bowel obstruction assessment (auscultate bowel
sounds before any medication/enema); pain assessment (PQRST: Provocation, Quality,
Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing); body image disturbance (patient refusing to look at
amputation site)
1. A nurse is preparing a patient for a bronchoscopy. Which action is most important to
include in pre-procedure care?
A) Encourage oral fluids up to 2 hours before the procedure
B) Verify NPO status and assess for allergies
C) Administer a laxative the evening before
D) Position the patient in Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before a bronchoscopy, the nurse must verify the provider's order, confirm informed
consent, check NPO status, and assess for allergies. The patient should remain NPO until the gag
reflex returns post-procedure .
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2. A patient is scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which nursing action is appropriate post-
procedure?
A) Encourage a clear liquid diet for 24 hours
B) Monitor stool for visible blood and report abdominal pain
C) Keep patient NPO until gag reflex returns
D) Position patient flat for 6 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-colonoscopy, the nurse should encourage a light diet or liquids, monitor stool for
visible blood, and report any abdominal pain. Complications include bowel perforation,
hypotension, and hemorrhage .
3. The nurse is preparing to administer contrast media for a diagnostic test. Which assessment
is most critical before administration?
A) Blood glucose level
B) Allergy to iodine or shellfish and renal function
C) Serum potassium level
D) Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse must assess for allergies to iodine or shellfish and evaluate renal function
by reviewing BUN and creatinine levels before administering contrast media. Metformin should
be held if ordered .
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4. A patient with a new colostomy has a stoma that is dark purple. What is the nurse's priority
action?
A) Apply a warm compress
B) Clean with soap and water
C) Document as a normal finding
D) Notify the healthcare provider immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A dark purple or black stoma indicates ischemia or necrosis due to compromised
blood supply. This is a surgical emergency requiring immediate provider notification. A normal
stoma is pink/red and moist .
5. A patient reports taking bisacodyl (Dulcolax) daily for 6 months. The nurse is most
concerned about:
A) Liver toxicity
B) Laxative dependency
C) Kidney failure
D) Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic laxative use can lead to dependency and loss of normal bowel function. The
patient should be advised to discontinue use with provider guidance. Laxative dependency is a
well-documented concern .
Galen NSG 3100 Exam 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR – JUST
RELEASED
Galen NSG 3100 Exam 3 – Comprehensive Study Guide
10-Line Exam Coverage in Points Form
1. Diagnostic Testing & Patient Preparation – Pre-procedure protocols (NPO status,
informed consent, allergy assessment for contrast media, renal function evaluation);
post-procedure monitoring (gag reflex return, vital signs, bleeding assessment); common
procedures: bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, EGD, KUB, IVP, cystoscopy, MRI,
echocardiogram, thoracentesis, bladder scanner
2. Laboratory Values & Specimen Collection – BMP, BUN, creatinine, Hgb A1C,
fasting/random blood glucose, capillary blood glucose (fingerstick technique: warm
finger, dependent position, wipe first drop); clean-catch midstream urine, 24-hour urine,
straight catheter, Foley catheter sampling; fecal occult blood testing
3. Fluid & Electrolyte Balance – Daily fluid intake target (~1,500 mL); normal urinary
output (0.5–1.5 L/day, ~30 mL/hour); electrolytes lost with urination (potassium,
sodium); hyponatremia management (fluid restriction 1,000–1,500 mL/day);
hypokalemia/hypophosphatemia assessment; signs of fluid overload (crackles, dyspnea,
neck vein distention)
4. Urinary Elimination – Normal urine characteristics (pale yellow, clear, pH ~6, aromatic
odor); abnormal findings (pink/red from beets or warfarin, brown/tea from liver failure);
UTI signs (E. coli, dysuria, urgency, frequency); incontinence types (urge, stress);
polyuria/oliguria/anuria definitions; enuresis; condom catheter application (1-inch
space); straight vs. Foley catheterization; three-way Foley for TURP irrigation; bladder
scanner use
5. Bowel Elimination – Constipation (defined as <3 BMs/week, 4 million Americans
affected, women > men); diarrhea interventions (barrier cream, antidiarrheals, low-gas
foods like applesauce, bread, yogurt); fecal impaction care (digital removal: stop if
bradycardia indicates vagal stimulation); ostomy assessment (normal stoma is
pink/red/moist; dark purple/black indicates ischemia → notify provider immediately;
prolapse protrusion; stenosis narrowing)
6. Ostomy & Colostomy Care – Colostomy irrigation with warm tap water or normal saline;
ileostomy diet (chew food thoroughly, high-fiber foods may cause obstruction); stoma
changes (prolapse, retraction, necrosis); peristomal skin care (red/weepy skin
assessment); bright red ostomy output = notify provider
7. Medication Administration & Safety – Warfarin (Coumadin) education (soft toothbrush,
avoid green leafy vegetables/vitamin K, avoid ibuprofen, bruising expected but do not
, Page 2 of 125
stop without provider); bisacodyl (Dulcolax) chronic use → laxative dependency; Fleet
enema caution in elderly/renal impairment (hyperphosphatemia risk); metformin hold
before IV contrast
8. Oxygenation & Respiratory Care – COPD patients (hypoxic drive → use Venturi mask at
24% FiO2 for low, precise oxygen; high-flow oxygen may cause CO2 retention);
bronchoscopy post-care (NPO until gag/cough/swallow return, monitor for
pneumothorax, bleeding); thoracentesis (pleural fluid removal); ABG interpretation
(PaO2 55, PaCO2 60)
9. Perioperative & Procedural Care – NPO status verification before procedures; informed
consent confirmation; contrast media precautions (allergy to iodine/shellfish,
BUN/creatinine monitoring, increase fluids post-procedure, stool pale for days); sedation
safety (vitals, O2 sat, positioning left side until awake to prevent aspiration)
10. Clinical Judgment & Prioritization – NG suction → hypokalemia risk; fluid overload
priority (slow IV, notify provider); bowel obstruction assessment (auscultate bowel
sounds before any medication/enema); pain assessment (PQRST: Provocation, Quality,
Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing); body image disturbance (patient refusing to look at
amputation site)
1. A nurse is preparing a patient for a bronchoscopy. Which action is most important to
include in pre-procedure care?
A) Encourage oral fluids up to 2 hours before the procedure
B) Verify NPO status and assess for allergies
C) Administer a laxative the evening before
D) Position the patient in Trendelenburg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before a bronchoscopy, the nurse must verify the provider's order, confirm informed
consent, check NPO status, and assess for allergies. The patient should remain NPO until the gag
reflex returns post-procedure .
, Page 3 of 125
2. A patient is scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which nursing action is appropriate post-
procedure?
A) Encourage a clear liquid diet for 24 hours
B) Monitor stool for visible blood and report abdominal pain
C) Keep patient NPO until gag reflex returns
D) Position patient flat for 6 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-colonoscopy, the nurse should encourage a light diet or liquids, monitor stool for
visible blood, and report any abdominal pain. Complications include bowel perforation,
hypotension, and hemorrhage .
3. The nurse is preparing to administer contrast media for a diagnostic test. Which assessment
is most critical before administration?
A) Blood glucose level
B) Allergy to iodine or shellfish and renal function
C) Serum potassium level
D) Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse must assess for allergies to iodine or shellfish and evaluate renal function
by reviewing BUN and creatinine levels before administering contrast media. Metformin should
be held if ordered .
, Page 4 of 125
4. A patient with a new colostomy has a stoma that is dark purple. What is the nurse's priority
action?
A) Apply a warm compress
B) Clean with soap and water
C) Document as a normal finding
D) Notify the healthcare provider immediately
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A dark purple or black stoma indicates ischemia or necrosis due to compromised
blood supply. This is a surgical emergency requiring immediate provider notification. A normal
stoma is pink/red and moist .
5. A patient reports taking bisacodyl (Dulcolax) daily for 6 months. The nurse is most
concerned about:
A) Liver toxicity
B) Laxative dependency
C) Kidney failure
D) Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic laxative use can lead to dependency and loss of normal bowel function. The
patient should be advised to discontinue use with provider guidance. Laxative dependency is a
well-documented concern .
