PSYC 140 FINAL EXAM 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS UPDATED REVIEW SET
◉ case study.
Answer: a direct observation technique in which one person is
studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
Particularly helpful for showcasing an unusual case to spur
additional discussion.
◉ survey.
Answer: the collection of data by having people self-report in the
form of a questionnaire or an in-person interview
◉ correlational study.
Answer: A research strategy that allows the precise calculation of
how strongly related two factors are to each other. Shows how
different aspects of human nature relate to other aspects.
◉ experimental research.
Answer: A research design method where researchers can directly
observe a manipulated variable effecting change. People may act
unnaturally in experimental settings.
,A researcher seeking to know what causes something else should
choose this design.
◉ Hawthorne effect.
Answer: the tendency for people to behave differently when they
know they are being studied
◉ genotype-environment interactions.
Answer: passive, evocative, active
◉ passive genotype-environment interaction.
Answer: situation in biological families that parents provide both
genes and environment for their children, making genes and
environment difficult to separate in their effects on children's
development - the child's role is passive
◉ evocative genotype-environment interaction.
Answer: occurs when a person's inherited characteristics evoke
responses from others in their environment
◉ active genotype-environment interaction.
Answer: occur when people seek out environments that correspond
to their genotypic characteristics
,◉ terratogens.
Answer: environmental impacts that can hurt or negatively affect
fetus
◉ What key variables determine the influence of a terratogen?.
Answer: baby's gestational age, amount of terratogen, susceptibility
◉ longitudinal study.
Answer: a study that observes the same participants on many
occasions over a long period of time
◉ What is the benefit of a longitudinal study?.
Answer: enables researchers to learn whether a phenomenon is due
to the developmental change or something inherent to the
individual, as well as explore what qualities change over time and
what qualities remain stable
◉ cross-sectional study.
Answer: a study in which people of different ages are compared with
one another at the same time
◉ Why are individuals more likely to drop out of a longitudinal
study than a cross-sectional study?.
, Answer: It is difficult for people to commit multiple years of their
lives to a longitudinal study, while a cross-sectional study only
examines how an individual is currently as opposed to over time.
◉ In a correlational study, what does the degree of relation tell you?.
Answer: how strong the correlation is between the two variables
◉ In a correlational study, what does the direction tell you?.
Answer: whether both variables increase together (a positive
relationship) or whether one variable increases while the other
decreases (a negative or inverse relationship
◉ When are fetus' systems most susceptible to the effects of a
terratogen?.
Answer: while they are in the process of being developed
◉ possible consequences of nicotine as a teratogon fetus:.
Answer: miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight, learning
difficulties, SIDS
◉ possible consequences of alcohol as a teratogon fetus:.
Answer: Fetal alcohol syndrome, cognitive and emotional problems
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT SOLVED QUESTIONS
ANSWERS UPDATED REVIEW SET
◉ case study.
Answer: a direct observation technique in which one person is
studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
Particularly helpful for showcasing an unusual case to spur
additional discussion.
◉ survey.
Answer: the collection of data by having people self-report in the
form of a questionnaire or an in-person interview
◉ correlational study.
Answer: A research strategy that allows the precise calculation of
how strongly related two factors are to each other. Shows how
different aspects of human nature relate to other aspects.
◉ experimental research.
Answer: A research design method where researchers can directly
observe a manipulated variable effecting change. People may act
unnaturally in experimental settings.
,A researcher seeking to know what causes something else should
choose this design.
◉ Hawthorne effect.
Answer: the tendency for people to behave differently when they
know they are being studied
◉ genotype-environment interactions.
Answer: passive, evocative, active
◉ passive genotype-environment interaction.
Answer: situation in biological families that parents provide both
genes and environment for their children, making genes and
environment difficult to separate in their effects on children's
development - the child's role is passive
◉ evocative genotype-environment interaction.
Answer: occurs when a person's inherited characteristics evoke
responses from others in their environment
◉ active genotype-environment interaction.
Answer: occur when people seek out environments that correspond
to their genotypic characteristics
,◉ terratogens.
Answer: environmental impacts that can hurt or negatively affect
fetus
◉ What key variables determine the influence of a terratogen?.
Answer: baby's gestational age, amount of terratogen, susceptibility
◉ longitudinal study.
Answer: a study that observes the same participants on many
occasions over a long period of time
◉ What is the benefit of a longitudinal study?.
Answer: enables researchers to learn whether a phenomenon is due
to the developmental change or something inherent to the
individual, as well as explore what qualities change over time and
what qualities remain stable
◉ cross-sectional study.
Answer: a study in which people of different ages are compared with
one another at the same time
◉ Why are individuals more likely to drop out of a longitudinal
study than a cross-sectional study?.
, Answer: It is difficult for people to commit multiple years of their
lives to a longitudinal study, while a cross-sectional study only
examines how an individual is currently as opposed to over time.
◉ In a correlational study, what does the degree of relation tell you?.
Answer: how strong the correlation is between the two variables
◉ In a correlational study, what does the direction tell you?.
Answer: whether both variables increase together (a positive
relationship) or whether one variable increases while the other
decreases (a negative or inverse relationship
◉ When are fetus' systems most susceptible to the effects of a
terratogen?.
Answer: while they are in the process of being developed
◉ possible consequences of nicotine as a teratogon fetus:.
Answer: miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight, learning
difficulties, SIDS
◉ possible consequences of alcohol as a teratogon fetus:.
Answer: Fetal alcohol syndrome, cognitive and emotional problems
