BIOD 102 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE
●● What does interphase consist of?
Answer: G1, S, G2
●● G1 and G2
Answer: the gap phases that are characterized by cellular growth such as
protein and organelle production
●● S phase
Answer: the time during which chromosomes are duplicated and
essential DNA information is replicated to be passed to daughter cells
during mitosis
●● Mitosis
Answer: the division of genetic material; can be broken down into 5
subphrases (prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase)
●● Cytokinesis
Answer: the process of dividing the cell's cytoplasm
,●● Origin of Replication
Answer: located along the strands of DNA are short nucleotides; the
nucleotide sequence at each origin of replication encodes for a start
signal at which the process of replication will be initiated by proteins
that recognize and bind to those sequences
●● Helicase
Answer: an enzyme that has the role of untwisting and separating the
helix parent strands at the replication fork
●● Replication fork
Answer: Y-shaped area where the DNA strands are beginning to untwist
●● replication bubble
Answer: as the helices begins to separate the double strands, a visible
replication bubble forms that will expand as replication continues along
the strand
●● single stranded binding proteins
Answer: act as a wedge to keep the parent strands separated and
stabilized
●● topoisomerase
, Answer: in the front of the fork and its function is to break the hydrogen
bonds and the nucleotide bases and it plays a role in rejoining the DNA
strands when replication is complete; it is able a stabilizing enzyme that
reduces the strain in the strands that occur during replication
●● RNA primers
Answer: complementary to the parental DNA strand
●● RNA
Answer: single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and it does NOT have
a thymine but a uracil
●● primase
Answer: enzyme that facilitates the synthesis of an RNA primer by using
the unwound DNA strand as a template; it binds to the 3' end of the
parent strand and begins adding complementary RNA nucleotides as it
moves toward the 5' end of the parent strand
●● DNA polymerase
Answer: enzymes that add nucleotides to the 3' end of the existing chain
via dehydration reactions
●● triphosphate tail
Answer: three phosphate group; has a negative charge around it
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE
●● What does interphase consist of?
Answer: G1, S, G2
●● G1 and G2
Answer: the gap phases that are characterized by cellular growth such as
protein and organelle production
●● S phase
Answer: the time during which chromosomes are duplicated and
essential DNA information is replicated to be passed to daughter cells
during mitosis
●● Mitosis
Answer: the division of genetic material; can be broken down into 5
subphrases (prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase)
●● Cytokinesis
Answer: the process of dividing the cell's cytoplasm
,●● Origin of Replication
Answer: located along the strands of DNA are short nucleotides; the
nucleotide sequence at each origin of replication encodes for a start
signal at which the process of replication will be initiated by proteins
that recognize and bind to those sequences
●● Helicase
Answer: an enzyme that has the role of untwisting and separating the
helix parent strands at the replication fork
●● Replication fork
Answer: Y-shaped area where the DNA strands are beginning to untwist
●● replication bubble
Answer: as the helices begins to separate the double strands, a visible
replication bubble forms that will expand as replication continues along
the strand
●● single stranded binding proteins
Answer: act as a wedge to keep the parent strands separated and
stabilized
●● topoisomerase
, Answer: in the front of the fork and its function is to break the hydrogen
bonds and the nucleotide bases and it plays a role in rejoining the DNA
strands when replication is complete; it is able a stabilizing enzyme that
reduces the strain in the strands that occur during replication
●● RNA primers
Answer: complementary to the parental DNA strand
●● RNA
Answer: single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and it does NOT have
a thymine but a uracil
●● primase
Answer: enzyme that facilitates the synthesis of an RNA primer by using
the unwound DNA strand as a template; it binds to the 3' end of the
parent strand and begins adding complementary RNA nucleotides as it
moves toward the 5' end of the parent strand
●● DNA polymerase
Answer: enzymes that add nucleotides to the 3' end of the existing chain
via dehydration reactions
●● triphosphate tail
Answer: three phosphate group; has a negative charge around it
