This comprehensive NRS 320 Final Exam 2026/2027 study resource contains 100+ questions and answers across 12 pages, providing concentrated preparation in adult medical-surgical nursing, pharmacology, acute care and patient safety. Major areas include heart failure and coronary artery disease, anticoagulation, acid-base disorders, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, spinal cord injury, orthopedic nursing, diabetes, thyroid and adrenal disorders, gastrointestinal and hepatic disease, perioperative care, oncology, renal care and medication administration. The material emphasizes recognition of clinical findings, priority nursing interventions, laboratory monitoring, medication safety and patient education.
The cardiovascular and pharmacology section reviews heart failure, furosemide, spironolactone, warfarin and digoxin. Students encounter potassium disturbances, PT/INR monitoring, bleeding precautions, digoxin toxicity and digoxin immune Fab, alongside heart-failure interventions such as sodium and fluid restriction and evaluation of edema, weight, lung sounds, dyspnea and urine output. Coronary artery disease content covers cardiac biomarkers, post-cardiac-catheterization assessment, antiplatelet therapy and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
The document provides focused preparation in respiratory and neurological emergencies. Students differentiate respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis and review airborne precautions for tuberculosis. Pulmonary embolism material addresses sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxia, oxygen administration, positioning and anticoagulation. Stroke content distinguishes ischemic from hemorrhagic events and covers BEFAST, NIHSS, oxygenation, blood-pressure management, thrombolytic therapy, aspiration precautions, swallowing assessment and nimodipine.
Neurological and musculoskeletal nursing topics extend to autonomic dysreflexia and spinal cord injury, including common triggers, severe hypertension and immediate positioning and trigger-removal interventions. Orthopedic material covers total hip and knee arthroplasty precautions, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis risk factors and DEXA scanning. These sections emphasize prevention of postoperative complications, maintenance of mobility and protection against skin breakdown.
The endocrine and metabolic section reviews hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis prevention, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome and Addison disease. Students encounter characteristic manifestations, dietary teaching and medication-related concepts. Insulin questions reinforce the distinction between rapid- and long-acting preparations, including meal timing and the rule against mixing insulin glargine or detemir with other insulin preparations in the same syringe. Levothyroxine administration and interactions with calcium and iron are also reviewed.
Gastrointestinal and hepatic nursing content includes TPN, enteral feeding, cirrhosis, hepatitis C, GERD, peptic ulcer perforation, ostomy assessment and hepatic encephalopathy. Questions address aspiration prevention during tube feeding, nutrition support, ascites and ammonia management, direct-acting antiviral therapy, GERD lifestyle modifications, recognition of a board-like abdomen and lactulose therapy.
The final sections concentrate on perioperative, oncology, hematology and renal nursing. Students review informed consent, malignant hyperthermia and dantrolene, postoperative atelectasis and DVT prevention, oral mucositis, teletherapy versus brachytherapy and neutropenic precautions. Renal material includes AV fistula protection and assessment, BPH, renal calculi, epoetin alfa and anticoagulant monitoring. Medication safety is reinforced through heparin/aPTT/protamine sulfate and warfarin/PT-INR/vitamin K relationships.
Relevant students: This document is particularly relevant for NRS 320 students, BSN and prelicensure nursing students, medical-surgical nursing students, adult health nursing students, RN students preparing for comprehensive finals and nursing learners reviewing NCLEX-style cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, gastrointestinal and renal concepts. Its concise question-and-answer format supports active recall, rapid final-exam revision, medication review and reinforcement of priority nursing interventions.
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NRS 320 Final 2026/2027 Exam
Questions and Answers |
Already Graded A+
heart failure - ANSWER ✔✔when the heart cant meet the demands
of the circulatory system
Furosemide - diuretic type/risk - ANSWER ✔✔Potassium-wasting
loop diuretic; risk of hypokalemia.
Spironolactone - diuretic type/risk - ANSWER ✔✔Potassium-sparing
diuretic; risk of hyperkalemia
Warfarin - lab to monitor & education - ANSWER ✔✔PT/INR
(therapeutic INR usually 2-3); measures how fast blood clots; bleeding
precautions = soft-bristle toothbrush, electric razor, avoid contact sports,
, apply firm pressure to cuts; interacts w/ NSAIDs, antibiotics, antifungals,
alcohol
Digoxin toxicity - key sign - ANSWER ✔✔Yellow-green halos around
eyes; also N/V, arrhythmias, confusion.
Digoxin - hold parameter - ANSWER ✔✔Hold for HR less than 60
bpm.
Digoxin - electrolyte to monitor - ANSWER ✔✔Potassium;
hypokalemia increases digoxin toxicity risk.
Digoxin toxicity - antidote - ANSWER ✔✔Digoxin immune Fab
(Digibind).
Heart failure - dietary teaching - ANSWER ✔✔Low sodium diet (2
g/day) and fluid restriction.
Heart failure - signs treatment is effective - ANSWER ✔✔Decreased
edema/weight toward baseline, clearer lung sounds, decreased
dyspnea/orthopnea, better exercise tolerance, stable VS, adequate urine
output.
CAD (coronary artery disease) - definition - ANSWER ✔✔Plaque
builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood/oxygen flow to the
heart.
