HURST COMPREHENSIVE TEST SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT.
◉ when aldosterone secretion increases ----> retain sodium/water--->
blood volume goes ________ ----> retain in ______________________.
Ans: - up
- vascular space
◉ what two diseases have too much aldosterone? Ans: - cushings ( too
much steroids)
- hyperaldosterosteronism ( aka: CONNS)
◉ what disease has too little aldosterone? Ans: - Addisons disease ( not
enough aldosterone means you lose NA & water directly from the
vascular space)
◉ when taking a Anti-diuretic hormone ( ADH) do you retain or
diurese? Ans: - retain
◉ when taking a anti-diuretic what do you retain ? Ans: - water
,◉ when you have too much ADH what happens in the body ? Ans: -
RETAIN water
- fluid volume EXCESS
- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH ( TOO MANY LETTERS TOO
MUCH WATER )
- urine is CONCENTRATED ( too much ADH and NA )
- blood is DILUTED
◉ when you have not enough ADH what happens in the body ? Ans: -
DIURESE water
- fluid volume DEFICIT
- DI ( diabetes insipidus) DIurese
- urine is DILUTED
- blood is CONCENTRATED
◉ when checking the urine specific gravity, sodium, and hematocrit on
lets say a urine test strip if the urine is concentrated will it make the
numbers go up or down? Ans: - UP
◉ when checking the urine specific gravity, sodium, and hematocrit on
lets say a urine test strip if the urine is diluted will it make the numbers
go up or down? Ans: - down
◉ where is ADH found ? Ans: - pituitary gland
,◉ what should you think about first when you think your patient has a
ADH problem? Ans: head injuries ( craniotomy, increase ICP )
◉ transsphenoidhypophysisectomy. Ans: all the way through ( across)
sinus pituitary removal
◉ what are some drugs that are anti diuretic hormones ( ADH). Ans: -
vasoPRESSIN
*ends in PRESSINS)
◉ what are some S?S of fluid volume excess? Ans: - distended neck
veins/ peripheral veins ( VESSELS ARE FULL)
- third spacing
- lungs are CRACKLED
- polyuria
- pulse INCREASED ( palpate the artery)
- Blood pressure INCREASES ( more volume = more pressure )
- weight INCREASES
◉ what is the treatment for fluid volume excess? Ans: - low NA diet
- restrict fluids
- daily I& Os and weights
, ◉ what are some diuretics you can give to help FVE? Ans: -
FurosemIDE ( lasix ) ( DECREASES K+)
- drugs that end in IDE !!!!!
◉ what is an example of a potassium spraing drug ? Ans: -
spironolactone ( retain K+)
◉ when thinking of fluid retention you should think what first? Ans: -
HEART PROBLEMS
◉ bed rest induces _________ by the release of ___________- and
lowers the production of ____________-. Ans: - diurese
- ANP
- ADH
◉ what is another word for fluid volume deficit? Ans: - HYPOvolemia
◉ when you have a big time deficit you should think what first ? Ans: -
SHOCK
◉ what are the three causes of Fluid volume deficit? Ans: - loss of fluid
from annywhere
- third spacing
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT.
◉ when aldosterone secretion increases ----> retain sodium/water--->
blood volume goes ________ ----> retain in ______________________.
Ans: - up
- vascular space
◉ what two diseases have too much aldosterone? Ans: - cushings ( too
much steroids)
- hyperaldosterosteronism ( aka: CONNS)
◉ what disease has too little aldosterone? Ans: - Addisons disease ( not
enough aldosterone means you lose NA & water directly from the
vascular space)
◉ when taking a Anti-diuretic hormone ( ADH) do you retain or
diurese? Ans: - retain
◉ when taking a anti-diuretic what do you retain ? Ans: - water
,◉ when you have too much ADH what happens in the body ? Ans: -
RETAIN water
- fluid volume EXCESS
- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH ( TOO MANY LETTERS TOO
MUCH WATER )
- urine is CONCENTRATED ( too much ADH and NA )
- blood is DILUTED
◉ when you have not enough ADH what happens in the body ? Ans: -
DIURESE water
- fluid volume DEFICIT
- DI ( diabetes insipidus) DIurese
- urine is DILUTED
- blood is CONCENTRATED
◉ when checking the urine specific gravity, sodium, and hematocrit on
lets say a urine test strip if the urine is concentrated will it make the
numbers go up or down? Ans: - UP
◉ when checking the urine specific gravity, sodium, and hematocrit on
lets say a urine test strip if the urine is diluted will it make the numbers
go up or down? Ans: - down
◉ where is ADH found ? Ans: - pituitary gland
,◉ what should you think about first when you think your patient has a
ADH problem? Ans: head injuries ( craniotomy, increase ICP )
◉ transsphenoidhypophysisectomy. Ans: all the way through ( across)
sinus pituitary removal
◉ what are some drugs that are anti diuretic hormones ( ADH). Ans: -
vasoPRESSIN
*ends in PRESSINS)
◉ what are some S?S of fluid volume excess? Ans: - distended neck
veins/ peripheral veins ( VESSELS ARE FULL)
- third spacing
- lungs are CRACKLED
- polyuria
- pulse INCREASED ( palpate the artery)
- Blood pressure INCREASES ( more volume = more pressure )
- weight INCREASES
◉ what is the treatment for fluid volume excess? Ans: - low NA diet
- restrict fluids
- daily I& Os and weights
, ◉ what are some diuretics you can give to help FVE? Ans: -
FurosemIDE ( lasix ) ( DECREASES K+)
- drugs that end in IDE !!!!!
◉ what is an example of a potassium spraing drug ? Ans: -
spironolactone ( retain K+)
◉ when thinking of fluid retention you should think what first? Ans: -
HEART PROBLEMS
◉ bed rest induces _________ by the release of ___________- and
lowers the production of ____________-. Ans: - diurese
- ANP
- ADH
◉ what is another word for fluid volume deficit? Ans: - HYPOvolemia
◉ when you have a big time deficit you should think what first ? Ans: -
SHOCK
◉ what are the three causes of Fluid volume deficit? Ans: - loss of fluid
from annywhere
- third spacing
