BIO 252 EXAMINATION TEST COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
●● PNS
Answer: Cranial and spinal nerves; carries sensory input to CNS and
motor output away
●● Afferent division
Answer: Sensory; carries information toward CNS
●● Efferent division
Answer: Motor; carries commands away from CNS
●● Somatic nervous system
Answer: Controls skeletal muscle (voluntary)
●● Autonomic nervous system
Answer: Controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands (involuntary)
●● Sympathetic division
Answer: Fight or flight; mobilizes energy
,●● Parasympathetic division
Answer: Rest and digest; conserves energy
●● Nissl bodies
Answer: Rough ER + ribosomes in soma/dendrites; protein synthesis
●● Trigger zone
Answer: Axon hillock + initial segment; where action potential begins
●● Anterograde transport
Answer: Kinesin; soma to synaptic terminal
●● Retrograde transport
Answer: Dynein; terminal to soma
●● Multipolar neuron
Answer: Many dendrites + one axon; most common; motor/interneurons
●● Bipolar neuron
Answer: One dendrite + one axon; special senses
,●● Unipolar neuron
Answer: Single process splits; sensory neurons in PNS
●● Interneuron
Answer: Found entirely in CNS; connects sensory to motor neurons
●● Astrocyte
Answer: Maintains BBB; regulates ions; structural support; scar
formation
●● Oligodendrocyte
Answer: Forms myelin in CNS; one cell myelinates multiple axons
●● Schwann cell
Answer: Forms myelin in PNS; one cell per segment
●● Microglia
Answer: Immune defense cells of CNS
●● Satellite cells
Answer: Support neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia
, ●● Myelinated axon
Answer: Faster conduction; saltatory conduction
●● Unmyelinated axon
Answer: Slower; continuous conduction
●● Node of Ranvier
Answer: Gap between myelin; site of AP regeneration
●● Resting membrane potential
Answer: ~ −70 mV; inside negative
●● Threshold
Answer: ~ −55 mV; minimum to trigger AP
●● Depolarization
Answer: Na⁺ enters cell
●● Repolarization
Answer: K⁺ exits cell
●● Afterpotential
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
●● PNS
Answer: Cranial and spinal nerves; carries sensory input to CNS and
motor output away
●● Afferent division
Answer: Sensory; carries information toward CNS
●● Efferent division
Answer: Motor; carries commands away from CNS
●● Somatic nervous system
Answer: Controls skeletal muscle (voluntary)
●● Autonomic nervous system
Answer: Controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands (involuntary)
●● Sympathetic division
Answer: Fight or flight; mobilizes energy
,●● Parasympathetic division
Answer: Rest and digest; conserves energy
●● Nissl bodies
Answer: Rough ER + ribosomes in soma/dendrites; protein synthesis
●● Trigger zone
Answer: Axon hillock + initial segment; where action potential begins
●● Anterograde transport
Answer: Kinesin; soma to synaptic terminal
●● Retrograde transport
Answer: Dynein; terminal to soma
●● Multipolar neuron
Answer: Many dendrites + one axon; most common; motor/interneurons
●● Bipolar neuron
Answer: One dendrite + one axon; special senses
,●● Unipolar neuron
Answer: Single process splits; sensory neurons in PNS
●● Interneuron
Answer: Found entirely in CNS; connects sensory to motor neurons
●● Astrocyte
Answer: Maintains BBB; regulates ions; structural support; scar
formation
●● Oligodendrocyte
Answer: Forms myelin in CNS; one cell myelinates multiple axons
●● Schwann cell
Answer: Forms myelin in PNS; one cell per segment
●● Microglia
Answer: Immune defense cells of CNS
●● Satellite cells
Answer: Support neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia
, ●● Myelinated axon
Answer: Faster conduction; saltatory conduction
●● Unmyelinated axon
Answer: Slower; continuous conduction
●● Node of Ranvier
Answer: Gap between myelin; site of AP regeneration
●● Resting membrane potential
Answer: ~ −70 mV; inside negative
●● Threshold
Answer: ~ −55 mV; minimum to trigger AP
●● Depolarization
Answer: Na⁺ enters cell
●● Repolarization
Answer: K⁺ exits cell
●● Afterpotential
