ESOL GACE TEST 2 SUBAREA 1 OBJECTIVE 4
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ morpheme.
Answer: the smallest unit of meaning in a language
◉ Abraham Maslow.
Answer: developed the hierarchy of needs, which he theorized to be
the unconscious desires that motivate people
◉ subordinating conjunction.
Answer: joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which
it is related
◉ stereotype.
Answer: an oversimplified belief that all people from a certain group
or with certain characteristics are the same
◉ voiceless sounds.
Answer: sounds made without vibrating the vocal chords
◉ Howard Gardner.
,Answer: created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that
using a person's area of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help
learners achieve their potential
◉ classroom management.
Answer: active management of the physical classroom space, the
culture of the classroom, and individual student behavior
◉ independent (or main) clause.
Answer: a clause that can stand alone as its own sentence
◉ one word stage.
Answer: stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use
of a single word to convey a full meaning
◉ verbs.
Answer: express action (run, jump, play) or state of being (is, seems)
◉ reclassification criteria.
Answer: used to determine when English learners have achieved the
language skills necessary to succeed in English-only classrooms
◉ humor stage.
,Answer: stage of acculteration; when students start to come to terms
with their circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new
culture
◉ SIFE.
Answer: Students with Interrupted Formal Education
◉ grade equivalent.
Answer: score found using the average score of students who fall
into that grade
◉ labial consonant sound.
Answer: sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming
together
◉ gerund phrase.
Answer: phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and
act as nouns)
◉ connotation.
Answer: the emotional association of a word
◉ helping verb.
, Answer: verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
◉ Woodock-Munoz Language Survey.
Answer: an individually administered assessment that measures
cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form of vocabulary
usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word identification
◉ audio lingual method (ALM).
Answer: an oral-based approach to language instruction developed
by linguists and behavioral psychologists; teaches the target
language through repetition
◉ English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century.
Answer: consortium of states whose assessments are aligned to the
English Language Proficiency standards developed by the Council of
Chief State School Officials (CCSSO), which determines the states'
college and career ready (CCR) standards
◉ phonetics.
Answer: the study of the production of sounds in speech
◉ silent way.
Answer: teaching method based on the idea that language learning
should be much like problem-solving and discovery learning;
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ morpheme.
Answer: the smallest unit of meaning in a language
◉ Abraham Maslow.
Answer: developed the hierarchy of needs, which he theorized to be
the unconscious desires that motivate people
◉ subordinating conjunction.
Answer: joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which
it is related
◉ stereotype.
Answer: an oversimplified belief that all people from a certain group
or with certain characteristics are the same
◉ voiceless sounds.
Answer: sounds made without vibrating the vocal chords
◉ Howard Gardner.
,Answer: created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that
using a person's area of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help
learners achieve their potential
◉ classroom management.
Answer: active management of the physical classroom space, the
culture of the classroom, and individual student behavior
◉ independent (or main) clause.
Answer: a clause that can stand alone as its own sentence
◉ one word stage.
Answer: stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use
of a single word to convey a full meaning
◉ verbs.
Answer: express action (run, jump, play) or state of being (is, seems)
◉ reclassification criteria.
Answer: used to determine when English learners have achieved the
language skills necessary to succeed in English-only classrooms
◉ humor stage.
,Answer: stage of acculteration; when students start to come to terms
with their circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new
culture
◉ SIFE.
Answer: Students with Interrupted Formal Education
◉ grade equivalent.
Answer: score found using the average score of students who fall
into that grade
◉ labial consonant sound.
Answer: sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming
together
◉ gerund phrase.
Answer: phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and
act as nouns)
◉ connotation.
Answer: the emotional association of a word
◉ helping verb.
, Answer: verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred)
◉ Woodock-Munoz Language Survey.
Answer: an individually administered assessment that measures
cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form of vocabulary
usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word identification
◉ audio lingual method (ALM).
Answer: an oral-based approach to language instruction developed
by linguists and behavioral psychologists; teaches the target
language through repetition
◉ English Language Proficiency Assessment for the 21st Century.
Answer: consortium of states whose assessments are aligned to the
English Language Proficiency standards developed by the Council of
Chief State School Officials (CCSSO), which determines the states'
college and career ready (CCR) standards
◉ phonetics.
Answer: the study of the production of sounds in speech
◉ silent way.
Answer: teaching method based on the idea that language learning
should be much like problem-solving and discovery learning;
