CARN AP REVIEW TIPS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SET A+
✔✔Four primary areas of the brain in addiction - ✔✔- ventral tegmental area
- nucleus accumbens
- amygdala
- prefrontal cortex
✔✔Neurons communicate by - ✔✔- sending signals to each other at specialized
connections
✔✔What is the connection between two neurons called - ✔✔- synapse
✔✔Terminals of the sending neuron - ✔✔- have vesicles packed with neurotransmitters
✔✔Neurotransmitters are released - ✔✔- when the sending neuron fires
✔✔Neurotransmitters send the signal by - ✔✔- binding to specific receptors on
dendrites of the receiving neuron
✔✔Neuroplasticity - ✔✔- brains have the ability to rewire themselves
- can actually change structure and function in response to changes in the environment
and experience
✔✔Natural rewards - ✔✔- food
- water
- sex
-nurturing
✔✔Dependence - ✔✔- a state in which an organism functions normally only in the
presence of a drug
, ✔✔Dependence is manifested by - ✔✔- a physical disturbance when the drug is
removed
✔✔Tolerance - ✔✔- state in which an organism no longer responds to a drug
- higher dose is required to achieve the same effect
✔✔Addiction - ✔✔- engages in compulsive behavior
- behavior is reinforcing
- loss of control in limiting intake
✔✔Substance Abuse - ✔✔- a pattern of pathologic use that produces impaired social or
occupation functioning
✔✔Symptoms of dependence - ✔✔- physiologic symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal
- drug seeking behavior
- inability to limit intake
- continued despite social, psychological, and occupational problems
✔✔Withdrawal - ✔✔- when substances are abruptly discontinued
- tremor
- tachy and HTN
- insomnia
- hyperreflexia
- seizures
- febrile states
- diaphoresis
- hallucinations
- muscle cramping and pain
- nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea,
✔✔Substances with long half lives - ✔✔- require more prolonged use to cause
dependence than substances with short half-life
✔✔Withdrawal symptoms associated with long-acting substances - ✔✔- are generally
milder
- appear later than those related to short-acting substances
✔✔Factors linked to substance abuse - ✔✔- peer pressure
- thrill seeking behavior
- depression
- personality disorders
- family discord
- family hx of dependence
- environmental factors
SET A+
✔✔Four primary areas of the brain in addiction - ✔✔- ventral tegmental area
- nucleus accumbens
- amygdala
- prefrontal cortex
✔✔Neurons communicate by - ✔✔- sending signals to each other at specialized
connections
✔✔What is the connection between two neurons called - ✔✔- synapse
✔✔Terminals of the sending neuron - ✔✔- have vesicles packed with neurotransmitters
✔✔Neurotransmitters are released - ✔✔- when the sending neuron fires
✔✔Neurotransmitters send the signal by - ✔✔- binding to specific receptors on
dendrites of the receiving neuron
✔✔Neuroplasticity - ✔✔- brains have the ability to rewire themselves
- can actually change structure and function in response to changes in the environment
and experience
✔✔Natural rewards - ✔✔- food
- water
- sex
-nurturing
✔✔Dependence - ✔✔- a state in which an organism functions normally only in the
presence of a drug
, ✔✔Dependence is manifested by - ✔✔- a physical disturbance when the drug is
removed
✔✔Tolerance - ✔✔- state in which an organism no longer responds to a drug
- higher dose is required to achieve the same effect
✔✔Addiction - ✔✔- engages in compulsive behavior
- behavior is reinforcing
- loss of control in limiting intake
✔✔Substance Abuse - ✔✔- a pattern of pathologic use that produces impaired social or
occupation functioning
✔✔Symptoms of dependence - ✔✔- physiologic symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal
- drug seeking behavior
- inability to limit intake
- continued despite social, psychological, and occupational problems
✔✔Withdrawal - ✔✔- when substances are abruptly discontinued
- tremor
- tachy and HTN
- insomnia
- hyperreflexia
- seizures
- febrile states
- diaphoresis
- hallucinations
- muscle cramping and pain
- nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea,
✔✔Substances with long half lives - ✔✔- require more prolonged use to cause
dependence than substances with short half-life
✔✔Withdrawal symptoms associated with long-acting substances - ✔✔- are generally
milder
- appear later than those related to short-acting substances
✔✔Factors linked to substance abuse - ✔✔- peer pressure
- thrill seeking behavior
- depression
- personality disorders
- family discord
- family hx of dependence
- environmental factors
