Patho 370 - CYU Week 5 questions and answers A+ Grade
A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse
responds
a. "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in
glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored."
b. "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little
blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."
c. "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little
damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored."
d. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your
kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the
- correct answer D
The immune system damages glomeruli in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis causing red blood cells
to leak into the urine, making it coffee-colored. Red blood cells that enter the urine are not taken back
into the blood. Red blood cells cause urine to turn coffee-colored, not orange. Capillary breakage is not
the cause of the red blood cells entering the urine.
The most common types of uterine tumors are known as
a. leiomyomas.
b. ovarian cysts.
c. endometriomas.
d. hydatidiform moles.
- correct answer A
Benign fibroid tumors, or leiomyomas, are the most common uterine tumor, affecting about 20% of
women older than 35 years. Ovarian cysts are sacs on an ovary that contain fluid or semisolid material.
,Endometriomas, or endometrial implants, usually occur in the pelvis. Theca-lutein cysts are commonly
bilateral and filled with clear, straw-colored fluid. Often their development is associated with
hydatidiform moles.
Glomerular disorders include
a. nephrotic syndrome.
b. interstitial cystitis.
c. obstructive uropathy.
d. pyelonephritis.
- correct answer A
The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome occurs at the glomerular membrane. Pyelonephritis
generally does not affect the glomerulus. Obstructive uropathy affects the upper and lower urinary tract
but does not directly involve the glomerulus. Interstitial cystitis is a bladder disorder.
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as basal cell carcinoma.
a. True
b. False
- correct answer B
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as squamous cell carcinoma.
The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain
improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the
past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a
history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are
characteristic of
a. neurogenic bladder.
b. interstitial cystitis.
, c. ureteral stone.
d. neuroses.
- correct answer B
Interstitial cystitis results in urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain that is relieved when the bladder is
emptied. It is associated with other pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia. This condition can be caused
by damage to the bladder wall from inflammation, as with her history of recurrent bladder infections. A
physiologic basis for this condition exists and it is not a result of psychological neuroses. These
symptoms are not consistent with a ureteral stone. This patient has no indications of neurogenic
bladder.
A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the
urinary stream are characteristic of
a. urinary calculi.
b. prostatitis.
c. bladder carcinoma.
d. prostatic enlargement.
- correct answer D
A decrease in the force of the urinary stream, hesitancy or difficulty in initiating a urinary stream, and
interruption of the stream may occur with prostatic enlargement. Prostatitis presents with frequency,
urgency, and dysuria. Urinary calculi cause sudden, severe onset of pain. Bladder carcinoma is usually
characterized by hematuria, painful or frequent urination, and abdominal or back pain.
Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all
contribute to renal failure by causing
a. renal inflammation.
b. nephrosis.
c. hydronephrosis.
d. acute tubular necrosis.
- correct answer D
A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse
responds
a. "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in
glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored."
b. "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little
blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."
c. "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little
damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored."
d. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your
kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the
- correct answer D
The immune system damages glomeruli in post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis causing red blood cells
to leak into the urine, making it coffee-colored. Red blood cells that enter the urine are not taken back
into the blood. Red blood cells cause urine to turn coffee-colored, not orange. Capillary breakage is not
the cause of the red blood cells entering the urine.
The most common types of uterine tumors are known as
a. leiomyomas.
b. ovarian cysts.
c. endometriomas.
d. hydatidiform moles.
- correct answer A
Benign fibroid tumors, or leiomyomas, are the most common uterine tumor, affecting about 20% of
women older than 35 years. Ovarian cysts are sacs on an ovary that contain fluid or semisolid material.
,Endometriomas, or endometrial implants, usually occur in the pelvis. Theca-lutein cysts are commonly
bilateral and filled with clear, straw-colored fluid. Often their development is associated with
hydatidiform moles.
Glomerular disorders include
a. nephrotic syndrome.
b. interstitial cystitis.
c. obstructive uropathy.
d. pyelonephritis.
- correct answer A
The pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome occurs at the glomerular membrane. Pyelonephritis
generally does not affect the glomerulus. Obstructive uropathy affects the upper and lower urinary tract
but does not directly involve the glomerulus. Interstitial cystitis is a bladder disorder.
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as basal cell carcinoma.
a. True
b. False
- correct answer B
The majority of penile cancer cases are classified as squamous cell carcinoma.
The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain
improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the
past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a
history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are
characteristic of
a. neurogenic bladder.
b. interstitial cystitis.
, c. ureteral stone.
d. neuroses.
- correct answer B
Interstitial cystitis results in urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain that is relieved when the bladder is
emptied. It is associated with other pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia. This condition can be caused
by damage to the bladder wall from inflammation, as with her history of recurrent bladder infections. A
physiologic basis for this condition exists and it is not a result of psychological neuroses. These
symptoms are not consistent with a ureteral stone. This patient has no indications of neurogenic
bladder.
A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the
urinary stream are characteristic of
a. urinary calculi.
b. prostatitis.
c. bladder carcinoma.
d. prostatic enlargement.
- correct answer D
A decrease in the force of the urinary stream, hesitancy or difficulty in initiating a urinary stream, and
interruption of the stream may occur with prostatic enlargement. Prostatitis presents with frequency,
urgency, and dysuria. Urinary calculi cause sudden, severe onset of pain. Bladder carcinoma is usually
characterized by hematuria, painful or frequent urination, and abdominal or back pain.
Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all
contribute to renal failure by causing
a. renal inflammation.
b. nephrosis.
c. hydronephrosis.
d. acute tubular necrosis.
- correct answer D
