NCMHCE REVIEW TIPS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Mood-stabilizing Drugs
(Pharmacology) - ✔✔*Carbamazepine*
- Tegretol
- treat bipolar when lithium is not effective
- affects serotonin levels
- Side Effects:
> dizziness
> ataxia
> visual disturbances
> nausea
*Lithium*
- suppresses mood swings and eliminates manic episodes
- Side Effects:
> nausea
> fine hand tremors
> toxicity to kidneys
- need blood levels monitored to avoid kidney failure
- high overdose risk
> seizures, coma, and death
- affect salt so patients need to monitor salt, avoid caffeine, alcohol, and other diuretics
*Barbiturates*
- amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital
- interrupt impulses to reticular activating system
- Side Effects:
> slurred speech
> irritability
> impaired motor and cog performance
- originally sedatives and anesthetic agents
,*Sedative-Hypnotics*
- barbiturates, alcohol, and anxiolytics
- low doses diminish arousal and motor activity
- dependency is high
- lethal when combined
*Beta-Blockers*
- propranolol
- used to treat high BP, tremors, migraines, glaucoma, and anxiety symptoms
- block beta-androgenic receptors that respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine
- Side Effects:
> bradycardia
> shortness of breath
> nausea
> numb or tingling extremities
- need to be weaned off
*Benzodiazepines*
- diazepam, alprazolam, oxazepam, triazolam, lorazepam
-inhibit GABA
- Side Effects:
> drowsiness
> lethargy
> ataxia
> impaired psychomotor ability
- can result in dependency
- Azaprione (buspirone) = only anxiolytic that reduces anxiety w/o sedation that is not
addictive
✔✔Kant
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- reality is based on subjective observations drawn from a
person's objective reality or environmental events
- interactionism
✔✔Freud
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- Psychoanalytical work based in the subconscious
✔✔Leibniz
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- theory of personology evolved into humanistic psychology
- Theory of Mind = person can change when his or her perceptual awareness is
changed; based on subjective reality
✔✔Roger's Client-Centered Therapy
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔*Humanistic*
, > help clients take responsibility for themselves
> unconditional positive regard = approval of the client even if not approving of the
client's actions
> Congruence = non-directive; ability to be authentic
> Accurate empathetic understanding = ability to achieve empathy w/client in order to
understand the client's worldview and to experience things from the client's perspective
✔✔John Locke
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- theories evolved into behavior therapy and behavioral
counseling
- human brain absorbs environmental events and sensory inputs from its surroundings
in an effort to form meaning and knowledge
✔✔5 stages of theory development - ✔✔*Stage 1* = Original Paradigm including
psychoanalysis, client-centered therapy, and bx therapy
*Stage 2* = Paradigm modification including social theory (Bandura), Jung, and Adler
*Stage 3* = Paradign Specificity including Beck, Krumboltz, and Berne
*Stage 4* = Paradigm Experimentation including Ellis
*Stage 5* = Paradigm Consolidation is still being developed
✔✔Joseph Rychlak
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔> rigorous humanism
> ethical motive = cousnelor's desire to help the client grow and express strong
✔✔Ethical motives
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔counselor's desire to help the client grow and express
strong feelings and opinions about his or her life problems
✔✔curative motive
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔counselor wants to initiate the healing process for the
patient by engaging in such a way to help modify those bx detrimental to patient's
success
✔✔Community Psychology
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- incorporation of psychological values and theories into
publicly accessed areas
✔✔Personal Science
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- Mahoney (1977)
- based on CB approach
- SCIENCE
*S*pecification of problem
*C*ollection of data or facts
*I*dentification of patterns or reasons for existing bx
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Mood-stabilizing Drugs
(Pharmacology) - ✔✔*Carbamazepine*
- Tegretol
- treat bipolar when lithium is not effective
- affects serotonin levels
- Side Effects:
> dizziness
> ataxia
> visual disturbances
> nausea
*Lithium*
- suppresses mood swings and eliminates manic episodes
- Side Effects:
> nausea
> fine hand tremors
> toxicity to kidneys
- need blood levels monitored to avoid kidney failure
- high overdose risk
> seizures, coma, and death
- affect salt so patients need to monitor salt, avoid caffeine, alcohol, and other diuretics
*Barbiturates*
- amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital
- interrupt impulses to reticular activating system
- Side Effects:
> slurred speech
> irritability
> impaired motor and cog performance
- originally sedatives and anesthetic agents
,*Sedative-Hypnotics*
- barbiturates, alcohol, and anxiolytics
- low doses diminish arousal and motor activity
- dependency is high
- lethal when combined
*Beta-Blockers*
- propranolol
- used to treat high BP, tremors, migraines, glaucoma, and anxiety symptoms
- block beta-androgenic receptors that respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine
- Side Effects:
> bradycardia
> shortness of breath
> nausea
> numb or tingling extremities
- need to be weaned off
*Benzodiazepines*
- diazepam, alprazolam, oxazepam, triazolam, lorazepam
-inhibit GABA
- Side Effects:
> drowsiness
> lethargy
> ataxia
> impaired psychomotor ability
- can result in dependency
- Azaprione (buspirone) = only anxiolytic that reduces anxiety w/o sedation that is not
addictive
✔✔Kant
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- reality is based on subjective observations drawn from a
person's objective reality or environmental events
- interactionism
✔✔Freud
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- Psychoanalytical work based in the subconscious
✔✔Leibniz
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- theory of personology evolved into humanistic psychology
- Theory of Mind = person can change when his or her perceptual awareness is
changed; based on subjective reality
✔✔Roger's Client-Centered Therapy
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔*Humanistic*
, > help clients take responsibility for themselves
> unconditional positive regard = approval of the client even if not approving of the
client's actions
> Congruence = non-directive; ability to be authentic
> Accurate empathetic understanding = ability to achieve empathy w/client in order to
understand the client's worldview and to experience things from the client's perspective
✔✔John Locke
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- theories evolved into behavior therapy and behavioral
counseling
- human brain absorbs environmental events and sensory inputs from its surroundings
in an effort to form meaning and knowledge
✔✔5 stages of theory development - ✔✔*Stage 1* = Original Paradigm including
psychoanalysis, client-centered therapy, and bx therapy
*Stage 2* = Paradigm modification including social theory (Bandura), Jung, and Adler
*Stage 3* = Paradign Specificity including Beck, Krumboltz, and Berne
*Stage 4* = Paradigm Experimentation including Ellis
*Stage 5* = Paradigm Consolidation is still being developed
✔✔Joseph Rychlak
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔> rigorous humanism
> ethical motive = cousnelor's desire to help the client grow and express strong
✔✔Ethical motives
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔counselor's desire to help the client grow and express
strong feelings and opinions about his or her life problems
✔✔curative motive
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔counselor wants to initiate the healing process for the
patient by engaging in such a way to help modify those bx detrimental to patient's
success
✔✔Community Psychology
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- incorporation of psychological values and theories into
publicly accessed areas
✔✔Personal Science
(Therapy Foundations) - ✔✔- Mahoney (1977)
- based on CB approach
- SCIENCE
*S*pecification of problem
*C*ollection of data or facts
*I*dentification of patterns or reasons for existing bx
