COSC 275 EXAM 1 PALMER STUDY GUIDE LATEST 2026 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED 100% SOLUTIONS (2026/2027) GRADE:
A+|STATUS: GUARANTEED PASS
Quantity survey:
A detailed analysis of material and equipment required to construct a project.
Area:
A measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid.
Area Method:
A construction cost estimating system employing unit square foot costs multiplied by the
adjusted gross floor area of a building.
Length:
The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement:
A unit or system of units for measuring length: 12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1
mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension:
A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Estimating:
The process of determining the anticipated cost of materials, labor, and equipment of a
proposed project.
Take-off:
The process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on drawings and specifications, of all the
material and equipment necessary to construct a project. The cost estimator uses this list to
calculate how much it will cost to build the project.
Quantities:
Measured amounts of construction items expressed in their customary units.
Quantification:
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, In estimating an activity to translate project scope information into resource quantities suitable
for costing. In the engineering and construction industry, a takeoff is a specific type of
quantification that is a measurement and listing of quantities of materials from drawings.
Specifications or specs:
Documents that define the qualitative requirements for products, materials, and workmanship
upon which the contract for construction is based.
Drawings:
Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and location of a project. Generally
including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules, and sections. The Term, when
capitalized refers to the graphic portion of a project's contract documents.
Addendum:
A document describing an addition, change, correction, or modification to contract documents.
An addendum is issued by the design professional during the bidding period or prior to the
award of contract, and is the primary method of informing bidders of modifications to the work
during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the bidding process.
Amendment:
A modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement. This does not change the entire
existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected provisions or requirements.
Grade:
1. The surface or level of the ground.
2. A classification of quality as, for instance, in lumber.
3. The existing or proposed ground level or elevation on a building site or around a building.
4. The slope or rate of incline or decline of a road, expressed as a percent.
5. A designation of a subfloor, either above grade, on grade, or below grade.
6. In plumbing, the slope of installed pipe, expressed in the fall in inches per foot length of pipe.
7. The classification of the durability of brick.
8. Any surface prepared to accept paving, conduit, or rails.
Level:
1. A term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at the same elevation and
thus does not tilt or slope.
2. In surveying, an instrument that measures heights from an established reference.
3. A spirit level, consisting of small tubes of liquid with bubbles in each. The small tubes are
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QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED 100% SOLUTIONS (2026/2027) GRADE:
A+|STATUS: GUARANTEED PASS
Quantity survey:
A detailed analysis of material and equipment required to construct a project.
Area:
A measurement of a given planar region or of the surface of a solid.
Area Method:
A construction cost estimating system employing unit square foot costs multiplied by the
adjusted gross floor area of a building.
Length:
The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement:
A unit or system of units for measuring length: 12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1
mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension:
A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Estimating:
The process of determining the anticipated cost of materials, labor, and equipment of a
proposed project.
Take-off:
The process in which detailed lists are compiled, based on drawings and specifications, of all the
material and equipment necessary to construct a project. The cost estimator uses this list to
calculate how much it will cost to build the project.
Quantities:
Measured amounts of construction items expressed in their customary units.
Quantification:
1|Page
, In estimating an activity to translate project scope information into resource quantities suitable
for costing. In the engineering and construction industry, a takeoff is a specific type of
quantification that is a measurement and listing of quantities of materials from drawings.
Specifications or specs:
Documents that define the qualitative requirements for products, materials, and workmanship
upon which the contract for construction is based.
Drawings:
Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions, design, and location of a project. Generally
including plans, elevations, details, diagrams, schedules, and sections. The Term, when
capitalized refers to the graphic portion of a project's contract documents.
Addendum:
A document describing an addition, change, correction, or modification to contract documents.
An addendum is issued by the design professional during the bidding period or prior to the
award of contract, and is the primary method of informing bidders of modifications to the work
during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the bidding process.
Amendment:
A modification of the contract by a subsequent agreement. This does not change the entire
existing contract but does alter the terms of the affected provisions or requirements.
Grade:
1. The surface or level of the ground.
2. A classification of quality as, for instance, in lumber.
3. The existing or proposed ground level or elevation on a building site or around a building.
4. The slope or rate of incline or decline of a road, expressed as a percent.
5. A designation of a subfloor, either above grade, on grade, or below grade.
6. In plumbing, the slope of installed pipe, expressed in the fall in inches per foot length of pipe.
7. The classification of the durability of brick.
8. Any surface prepared to accept paving, conduit, or rails.
Level:
1. A term used to describe any horizontal surface that has all points at the same elevation and
thus does not tilt or slope.
2. In surveying, an instrument that measures heights from an established reference.
3. A spirit level, consisting of small tubes of liquid with bubbles in each. The small tubes are
2|Page
