LSU BIOL 2051 Exam #1 - Bhattacharyya Questions with
100% Verified Answers Latest Update
Question: what are Koch's Postulates?
Answer:
1. the microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from
healthy individuals
2. the suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated in a healthy
host
4. the same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host
Question: why was the discovery of phagocytic cells in the blood important?
Answer:
foundational discovery for CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Question: why does the field of microbiology include macroscopic organisms like algae and
fungi?
Answer:
their study requires techniques like isolation, sterilization, and culturing
Question: what is scanning electron microscope (SEM) used for?
Answer:
observing a specimen's three dimensional topography
Question: what limitation does heat fixing a bacterial smear have?
Answer:
distorts internal stuctures
Question: what is the primary stain used in gram staining procedures?
Answer:
crystal violet
Question: what is the purpose of applying a counterstain in a differential staining
procedure?
Answer:
adds a visible color to the decolorized cells
Question: what is the purpose of using mordant in flagella staining?
, Answer:
increases the diameter of the flagella to make them visible
Question: what is the term for bending light as it passes from one medium to another?
Answer:
refraction
Question: what was the feature of Pasteur's swan neck flasks that prevented contamination
of the sterile broth?
Answer:
long curved neck trapped airborne microbes and dust
Question: what microscope has a resolution powerful enough to observe individual atoms?
Answer:
scanning tunneling electron microscope
Question: which microscope is suited for observing intracellular structures by enhancing
contrast in living cells that have slight differences in refractive index?
Answer:
phase-contrast microscope
Question: which staining technique is used to visualize bacterial capsules?
Answer:
negative staining
Question: which type of microscope produces a bright image of an object against a dark
background and is ideal for observing living unstained specimens?
Answer:
dark field microscope
Question: which type of microscope uses a beam of electrons passing through a thin section
of specimen to create an image of its internal structures?
Answer:
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Question: who demonstrated that dust is a carrier of microbes and also provided evidence
for heat resistant bacteria?
, Answer:
john tyndall
Question: who developed antiseptic surgical techniques to prevent wound infection and
indirect evidence for germ theory of disease?
Answer:
joseph lister
Question: who was the first person to observe and describe microorganisms using his own
microscope?
Answer:
antony van leeuwenhoek
Question: what type of light does a fluorescence microscope require the specimen be
exposed to excite its fluorophores?
Answer:
ultraviolet, violet, or blue light
Question: what genus of bacteria is identified using acid fast staining as a differential
procedure?
Answer:
mycobacterium
Question: what vaccination did Edward Jenner pioneer that uses material from cowpox
lesions?
Answer:
smallpox
Question: what is the function of iodine in gram staining?
Answer:
serves as a mordant, forming an insoluble complex with the primary stain
Question: what vaccines did Pasteur develop?
Answer:
anthrax, rabies, and chicken cholera
Question: what is microscope resolution?
, Answer:
the ability of the microscope lens to distinguish between two small objects that are close
together
Question: what is the atomic force microscope used for?
Answer:
viewing surfaces that do not conduct electricity well
Question: what is the outcome of the gram stain procedure?
Answer:
the alcohol decolorizer dissolves the gram negative outer membrane and washes the dye
complex out through the thin peptidoglycan later
Question: what is a similarity between prokaryotic nucleoid and the eukaryotic nucleus?
Answer:
the use of DNA as the repository of genetic info
Question: which component is primarily responsible for the pyrogenic activity associated
with gram negative sepsis and constitutes a major part of the outer membrane?
Answer:
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Question: what could happen if a virus mutates and prevents the synthesis of its own
polysaccharide capsule?
Answer:
the bacteria will be highly susceptible to phagocytosis by host immune cells
Question: which surface appendage is essential for bacterial conjugated and has the ability
to bind to certain bacteriophages?
Answer:
sex pilus
Question: what do bacterial plasma membranes usually lack?
Answer:
sterols like cholesterols
Question: what two things make bacterial endospores highly heat resistant?
100% Verified Answers Latest Update
Question: what are Koch's Postulates?
Answer:
1. the microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from
healthy individuals
2. the suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated in a healthy
host
4. the same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host
Question: why was the discovery of phagocytic cells in the blood important?
Answer:
foundational discovery for CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Question: why does the field of microbiology include macroscopic organisms like algae and
fungi?
Answer:
their study requires techniques like isolation, sterilization, and culturing
Question: what is scanning electron microscope (SEM) used for?
Answer:
observing a specimen's three dimensional topography
Question: what limitation does heat fixing a bacterial smear have?
Answer:
distorts internal stuctures
Question: what is the primary stain used in gram staining procedures?
Answer:
crystal violet
Question: what is the purpose of applying a counterstain in a differential staining
procedure?
Answer:
adds a visible color to the decolorized cells
Question: what is the purpose of using mordant in flagella staining?
, Answer:
increases the diameter of the flagella to make them visible
Question: what is the term for bending light as it passes from one medium to another?
Answer:
refraction
Question: what was the feature of Pasteur's swan neck flasks that prevented contamination
of the sterile broth?
Answer:
long curved neck trapped airborne microbes and dust
Question: what microscope has a resolution powerful enough to observe individual atoms?
Answer:
scanning tunneling electron microscope
Question: which microscope is suited for observing intracellular structures by enhancing
contrast in living cells that have slight differences in refractive index?
Answer:
phase-contrast microscope
Question: which staining technique is used to visualize bacterial capsules?
Answer:
negative staining
Question: which type of microscope produces a bright image of an object against a dark
background and is ideal for observing living unstained specimens?
Answer:
dark field microscope
Question: which type of microscope uses a beam of electrons passing through a thin section
of specimen to create an image of its internal structures?
Answer:
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Question: who demonstrated that dust is a carrier of microbes and also provided evidence
for heat resistant bacteria?
, Answer:
john tyndall
Question: who developed antiseptic surgical techniques to prevent wound infection and
indirect evidence for germ theory of disease?
Answer:
joseph lister
Question: who was the first person to observe and describe microorganisms using his own
microscope?
Answer:
antony van leeuwenhoek
Question: what type of light does a fluorescence microscope require the specimen be
exposed to excite its fluorophores?
Answer:
ultraviolet, violet, or blue light
Question: what genus of bacteria is identified using acid fast staining as a differential
procedure?
Answer:
mycobacterium
Question: what vaccination did Edward Jenner pioneer that uses material from cowpox
lesions?
Answer:
smallpox
Question: what is the function of iodine in gram staining?
Answer:
serves as a mordant, forming an insoluble complex with the primary stain
Question: what vaccines did Pasteur develop?
Answer:
anthrax, rabies, and chicken cholera
Question: what is microscope resolution?
, Answer:
the ability of the microscope lens to distinguish between two small objects that are close
together
Question: what is the atomic force microscope used for?
Answer:
viewing surfaces that do not conduct electricity well
Question: what is the outcome of the gram stain procedure?
Answer:
the alcohol decolorizer dissolves the gram negative outer membrane and washes the dye
complex out through the thin peptidoglycan later
Question: what is a similarity between prokaryotic nucleoid and the eukaryotic nucleus?
Answer:
the use of DNA as the repository of genetic info
Question: which component is primarily responsible for the pyrogenic activity associated
with gram negative sepsis and constitutes a major part of the outer membrane?
Answer:
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Question: what could happen if a virus mutates and prevents the synthesis of its own
polysaccharide capsule?
Answer:
the bacteria will be highly susceptible to phagocytosis by host immune cells
Question: which surface appendage is essential for bacterial conjugated and has the ability
to bind to certain bacteriophages?
Answer:
sex pilus
Question: what do bacterial plasma membranes usually lack?
Answer:
sterols like cholesterols
Question: what two things make bacterial endospores highly heat resistant?
